Forty percent of the respondents stated that

patients reported ADRs to them at least once a month, and 20% reported to the relevant authorities. However only 3% of respondents actually selleck products reported an ADR to the National Pharmacovigilance Centre. The most important reason for poor reporting was lack of knowledge about how to report ADRs (44.6%).\n\nMeanwhile, 90% of respondents believed that the role of the pharmacists in ADR reporting was important. Most community pharmacists were willing to practice pharmacovigilance if they were trained.\n\nConclusion Community pharmacists in Lagos had poor knowledge about pharmacovigilance. Reporting rate was also poor. There is an urgent need for educational programs to train pharmacists about pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.”
“In response to water quality and quantity issues within the Stroubles Creek watershed in Blacksburg, Virginia, a retrofit bioretention cell (BRC) was installed to collect and treat runoff from an existing parking lot. The BRC

was completed in July 2007, and 28 precipitation events were monitored between October 2007 and June 2008. For each storm, inflow S3I-201 and outflow flow-weighted composite samples were collected and analyzed for suspended sediment, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. The inflow and outflow concentrations and loads, as well as total inflow and outflow volumes and peak flow rates, were analyzed to evaluate BRC efficiency. GANT61 ic50 Overall, the BRC successfully reduced flow volumes and peak flow rates leaving the parking lot by 97 and 99%, respectively. Cumulative mass reductions for sediment, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus all exceeded 99% by mass. The findings of this study have significant implications

for areas with karst geology: (1) current design recommendations of lining the bottom of BRCs with clay may not be sufficient to prevent large amounts of water from infiltrating into surrounding soils; and (2) in areas with significant elevation changes, designing BRCs deeper than the typical 0.6-1.2 m increases the feasibility of retrofits and provides substantial water quality and quantity benefits. DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000388. (C) 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.”
“The portal connector of bacteriophage viruses constitutes a robust molecular machine for DNA translocation. In this paper we propose an optimized reconstitution method for efficient orthogonal integration of native viral connectors into lipid bilayers, particularly of giant unilamellar vesicles. Our nanoengineering plan considers the hydrophilic connector protein of the bacteriophage virus phi 29 integrated into a specifically engineered bilayer made of “hydrophylized” lipids. From the precise knowledge of the connector structure, the membrane chemistry was designed by tuning reactivity in the bilayer using specific functional lipids.