Conceptually, this would include determinants from the biological and environmental domains such as body fat percentage, fitness level, and accessibility.5 Reinforcing factors emphasize how the social environmental factors influence PA. As significant others (e.g., S3I-201 cell line parents, peers, and coaches) serve as interpreters,

supporters, and providers of experiences for youth, they are also considered as reinforcing factors. On the basis of this model, the predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors influence PA directly. In addition, enabling factors also influence PA indirectly through able, and reinforcing factors influence PA indirectly through able and worth. Finally, the model addresses the potentially differentiating role that demographic factors (e.g., age, sex, and race) have on PA behavior (Fig. 1). The YPAP represents a structure of predictors for understanding PA behavior, with the building blocks of its structure grounded in other well-established health behavior

theories and models. For example, Social Cognitive Theory emphasizes the importance of self-efficacy and role modeling,9 the Theory of Planned Behavior addresses the importance of attitude,10 while the social-ecological model emphasizes the role of the environment.11 Many of these predictors have been examined and supported in previous studies.12, 13 and 14 However, it is not clear how these factors collaboratively Baf-A1 supplier influence PA behavior, nor are the internal relationships among these factors well-understood. That is, both direct and indirect relationships may exist. The YPAP proposes a new approach for understanding PA behavior by considering individual, social, and environmental factors. The YPAP model has

been tested among children, adolescents, and youth, and its ability to predict PA has been partially supported.15, 16 and 17 However, none of the studies have tested the entire model simultaneously. Therefore, the interrelationships among the different Montelukast Sodium constructs within the model remain unclear. It is also unclear whether the YPAP model can be used among young adults. The model was originally developed as a framework to help researchers identify variables that influence youth PA behavior. Yet most of the predisposing factors within the YPAP model appear to be related to young adult college students’ PA behavior as well. For example, college students have proximal access to distinct environmental assets given that most colleges and universities provide various opportunities for PA in the form of physical education classes; intramural, club, and varsity sports; and access to recreation facilities.18 Awareness and knowledge of these opportunities influences participation.19 Gym membership on or off campus is another predictor of college students’ PA behavior,20 as is the distance to and availability of active places for recreation.