02 0.04 EF0020 mptAB -2.80 -2.07 EF0021 mptC -0.68 -3.07 EF0022 mptD -1.70 https://www.selleckchem.com/products/OSI-906.html -2.48 EF0024 manO -0.59 -3.29 EF0105 argF-1 3.06 3.83 EF0106 araC 3.02 3.28 EF0633 tyrS-1 -0.82 -1.46 EF1963 pgk -1.53 -2.71 EF3320 citE 4.90 5.83 Gene regulation values (log2) are the average

results of four biological replicates for microarray experiments and of two biological replicates for quantitative PT-PCR. Genes showing AMN-107 cell line reduced expression in bacteriocin resistant mutants Only few genes were significantly downregulated in the resistant mutants. These genes encode proteins involved in transport, binding and energy metabolism. Most pronounced effects in transcription of the pediocin resistant mutants was the strong reduction in gene expression of the mannose PTS operon (EF0019-EF0022). This mpt operon is σ54-regulated [34], and has an unusual gene organization as it contains an additional gene encoding a distinct EIIB in front of the genes for the EIIAB, EIIC and EIID proteins and the last gene EF0024 (Figure 4). Despite the strong down-regulation, the signals were not completely abolished. Quantitative 4SC-202 chemical structure real-time PCR analyses confirmed reduced transcription

of mptC representing the mpt operon (Table 5). The downstream gene EF0024 was also downregulated indicating that it belongs to the mpt operon. This gene, referred to as manO [35], encodes a protein highly conserved among strains of lactic acid bacteria, is part of the mannose PTS operon in L. monocytogenes and Lactobacillus casei [36, 37]. Figure 4 Genetic

organization Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase of the mannose PTS operon of E. faecalis V583 and the preceding σ 54 -associated activator gene mptR. The mpt operon contains the mpt genes, an additional gene encoding an EIIB and the distal gene that resembles manO. The σ54-promoter sequence is indicated by an arrow. As expected, MOM1 showed reduced hybridization to the mptD probe, but the mutant also exhibited reduced expression of the upstream genes in the mpt operon indicating that MptD is involved in the regulation of its own synthesis. Strongly reduced gene expression of EF0082 encoding a major facilitator family transporter was detected in both the spontaneous mutants and in the ΔmptD mutant. Interestingly, also the genes gap-2, pgk, triA, eno (EF1961-64), gpm (EF0195), pyk (EF1046) and ldh-1 (EF0255) encoding enzymes of glycolytic metabolism were expressed to a lower extent in the resistant strains. Of the remaining genes for the complete pathway for glucose consumption, fba and pfk showed 1.6-fold reduced expression (excluded by the 2-fold-change cut off in Additional file 1). Furthermore, the genes in the fructose operon encoding a transcription regulator, fructose-specific PTS IIABC and 1-phosphofructokinase (fruK-2), showed reduced transcription in all mutants.