In addition, MS-275 treatment increased proportion of infiltrated Foxp3(+) cells and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in sciatic nerves of EAN rats. In summary, our data demonstrated that MS-275 could effectively suppress inflammation in EAN, through suppressing inflammatory T cells, macrophages and cytokines, and inducing anti-inflammatory

immune cells and molecules, suggesting MS-275 as a potent candidate for treatment of autoimmune neuropathies. (C) 2010 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In 1998 we(1) reported the first case of multiple pulmonary meningioma, an extremely uncommon lung neoplasm. To date, there have been only 30 cases of primary pulmonary meningioma (PPM) reported in the English literature.(1-3) Although the lesions are widely known to be usually

benign, slow growing, and to have an excellent prognosis, the etiology find more www.selleckchem.com/products/anlotinib-al3818.html is still uncertain. Hence, several mechanisms have been proposed.(1,3,4) We here report the clinical course of the initial case 10 years after surgery with examination by different imaging modalities and additional biopsy findings for a metachronous pulmonary lesion.”
“The purposes of this study were to clarify the involvement of P-glycoprotein in the absorption of levosulpiride in knockout mice that lack the Abcb1a/1b gene, and to evaluate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in ABCB1 (exon 12, 21 and 26) and levosulpiride disposition in healthy subjects. The plasma and brain samples were obtained after oral administration GBA3 (10 mu g/g) of levosulpiride to abcb1a/1b(-/-) and wild-type mice (n=3 similar to 6 at each time point). The average brain-to-plasma concentration ratio and blood-brain barrier partitioning of levosulpiride were 2.3- and 2.0-fold higher in Abcb1a/1b(-/-) mice than in wild-type mice, respectively. A total of 58 healthy Korean volunteers receiving a single oral dose of 25 mg levosulpiride participated in this study. The subjects were evaluated

for polymorphisms of the ABCB1 exon 12 C1236T, exon 21 G2677A/T (Ala893Ser/Thr) and exon 26 C3435T using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. The PK parameters (AUC(0-4h), AUC(0-infinity) and C(max)) of ABCB1 2677TT and 3435TT subjects were significantly higher than those of subjects with at least one wild-type allele (P<0.05). The results indicate that levosulpiride is a P-glycoprotein substrate in vivo, which is supported by the effects of SNPs 2677G>A/T in exon 21 and 3435C>T in exon 26 of ABCB1 on levosulpiride disposition. (C) 2010 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Right (systemic) ventricular (RV) failure in patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) after the Senning operation is a well-known late complication.

5%). These included 5 patients with reduced response and 6 with augmented response. On the posttreatment oVEMP, abnormal results were found in 5 patients (38.5%). All indicated reduced oVEMP. Abnormal results on the pretreatment oVEMP were not related to any persistent positional vertigo (p > 0.05, Fisher’s exact test). Three out of 4 patients (75.0%) with continuing unsteadiness had abnormal results R788 (reduced response) on the posttreatment oVEMP.

Discussion: The oVEMP measurements indicated abnormal function of the utricle in patients with BPPV. Reduced oVEMP is thought to originate from the partial degeneration of utricular hair

cells. Conversely, augmented oVEMP in the affected ear is thought to originate from a hypermobility of the stereocilia due to the detachment of otoconia within the utricle. The above-mentioned utricular dysfunction should be

independent of the existence of otoconia in the semicircular canal; thus, the results of oVEMP were not related to the recovery of symptoms.

Conclusion: oVEMP can be reliably used to detect utricular lesions in patients with BPPV. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the etiologic agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease, and it is mainly divided into five genotypes. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of PCV2 strain GDYX, which belongs to PCV2d and has a unique amino acid variation at position 169 (S to G).”
“Fusion of small recombinant antibody fragments to an albumin-binding domain (ABD) from streptococcal Nepicastat in vivo protein G strongly extends their plasma half-life. This ABD binds with nanomolar affinity to human (HSA) and mouse serum albumin (MSA). It was speculated that an increase in albumin-binding affinity should lead to a further increase in half-life. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of affinity and valency of the ABD on the pharmacokinetic properties of a bispecific single-chain diabody (scDb), applied previously to investigate various

half-life extension strategies. The scDb is directed against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CD3 capable of mediating T cell retargeting to tumor Obatoclax Mesylate (GX15-070) cells. Two scDb derivatives with increased (scDb-ABD-H) and decreased (scDb-ABD-L) affinity as well as an scDb molecule fused to two ABD (scDb-ABD(2)) were generated and produced in mammalian cells. The altered binding of these constructs to HSA and MSA was confirmed by ELISA and quartz crystal microbalance measurements. All constructs bound efficiently to CEA and CD3-positive cells and were able to activate T cells in a target cell-dependent manner, although T cell activation was reduced in the presence of serum albumin. All three derivatives showed a strongly increased half-life in mice as compared with scDb.

“
“A lifelong persistent neurogenesis occurs in the dentate gyrus of the mammalian hippocampus. Research in peripheral cell tissue has shown that the timing of cellular division of these cells coincide with the light/dark cycle, however it remains unclear as to whether there is an association between the time of day and cellular proliferation in the brain. ZD1839 concentration The timing of cellular division can be studied

through the use of a cellular proliferation marker, such as 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU), which is taken up by the DNA of dividing cells during replication. The goal of this study was to determine whether the time of day affects the number of BrdU labeled cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of adult male Syrian hamsters. Adult males received a single systemic injection of BrdU (300 mg/kg) at either the end of the light (ZT-13) or dark phase (ZT-23) of a 14:10 LD cycle and Epacadostat research buy were sacrificed 24h or 3 days later. Sections through the hippocampus were immunolabeled for BrdU. Cellular proliferation fluctuated across the light/dark cycle during the expansion phase rather than during initial cellular proliferation. A twofold increase in number was expected between 24 and 72 h following a single BrdU injection, but this increase was only seen in the population of cells injected at the end of

the light phase. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The Carbachol original annotation of the vaccinia virus (VACV) genome was limited to open reading frames (ORFs) of at least 65 amino acids. Here, we characterized a 35-amino-acid ORF (O3L) located between ORFs O2L and I1L. ORFs similar in length to O3L were found at the same genetic locus in all vertebrate

poxviruses. Although amino acid identities were low, the presence of a characteristic N-terminal hydrophobic domain strongly suggested that the other poxvirus genes were orthologs. Further studies demonstrated that the O3 protein was expressed at late times after infection and incorporated into the membrane of the mature virion. An O3L deletion mutant was barely viable, producing tiny plaques and a 3-log reduction in infectious progeny. A mutant VACV with a regulated O3L gene had a similar phenotype in the absence of inducer. There was no apparent defect in virus morphogenesis, though O3-deficient virus had low infectivity. The impairment was shown to be at the stage of virus entry, as cores were not detected in the cytoplasm after virus adsorption. Furthermore, O3-deficient virus did not induce fusion of infected cells when triggered by low pH. These characteristics are hallmarks of a group of proteins that form the entry/fusion complex (EFC). Affinity purification experiments demonstrated an association of O3 with EFC proteins. In addition, the assembly or stability of the EFC was impaired when expression of O3 was repressed.

There were significant benefits of early treatment for times to rate (155.9 +/- 299.8 vs 407.6 +/- 376.9 minutes, (P < .001) and rhythm control (400.4 +/- 845 vs 1038.5 +/- 1158.4 minutes, P < .001), reduction in dose needed for rate control (28.2 +/- 45.2 vs 66.5 +/- 137.5 mg, P < .025),

and significant reduction in pediatric cardiac intensive care unit stay (3.32 +/- 1.9 vs 5.26 +/- 4.27 days, P < .01). There were continuous improvements in heart rate, blood pressure, and filling pressures without additional inotropic requirements or side effects.

Conclusion: Early treatment of postoperative tachyarrhythmia with amiodarone according to a standardized treatment protocol is safe and has beneficial effects on arrhythmia control and pediatric cardiac intensive care unit stay.”
“Aims: This paper examines the epidemiology of ecstasy use and FG-4592 molecular weight harm in Australia using multiple data sources. Design: The data included (1) Australian Customs Service 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) detections; (2) the National Drug Strategy Household and Australian Secondary Student Alcohol and Drug Surveys; (3) data from Australia’s ecstasy and Related Drugs Reporting System; (4) the AG-120 purchase number of recorded police incidents for ecstasy possession and distribution collated by the N.S.W. Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research; (5) the number of calls to the Alcohol

and Drug Information Service and Family Drug Support relating to ecstasy; (6) the Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Services National Minimum Dataset on number of treatment episodes for ecstasy, and (7) N.S.W. Division of Analytical Laboratories toxicology data on number of deaths where

out MDMA was detected. Findings: Recent ecstasy use among adults in the general population has increased, whereas among secondary students it has remained low and stable. The patterns of ecstasy consumption among regular ecstasy users have changed over time. Polydrug use and use for extended periods of time (>48 h) remain common among this group. Frequent ecstasy use is associated with a range of risk behaviours and other problems, which tend to be attributed to a number of drugs along with ecstasy. Few ecstasy users present for treatment for problems related to their ecstasy consumption. Conclusions: Messages and interventions to reduce the risks associated with polydrug use and patterns of extended periods of use are clearly warranted. These messages should be delivered outside of traditional health care settings, as few of these users are engaged with such services. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Objective: The development of the Amplatzer Membranous VSD Occluder (AGA Medical Corp, Plymouth, Minn) for closure of the perimembranous ventricular septal defect has ameliorated many of the technical difficulties of previous devices. Application of this new technology requires comparative evaluation with the current standard of surgical repair.

The assumption was that this modification of PE asymmetrical distribution could explain the reported lipid membrane abnormalities. Phosphatidylethanolamine located in the external leaflet was specifically labeled in RBC membranes from 65 medicated patients with schizophrenia https://www.selleckchem.com/products/azd4547.html and 38 healthy controls. Labeled (external) and non-labeled (internal) PE and their respective fatty acid composition were analyzed by mass spectrometry. A significant increase in the percentage of external leaflet PE was found

in RBC membranes in 63.1% of the patients. In this subgroup, a significant depletion of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids from internally located PE was also observed. Age, sex and antipsychotic treatment were not associated with the transbilayer membrane distribution of PE. Potential mechanisms underlying these abnormalities may involve membrane phospholipid transporters or degradative enzymes involved in phospholipid metabolism. The anomaly described could characterize a subgroup among patients with schizophrenia. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. RAD001 All rights reserved.”
“Individuals with damage. to the prefrontal cortex, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in particular, often demonstrate difficulties with the formulation of complex language not attributable to aphasia. The present study employed a discourse analysis procedure

to characterize the language of individuals with left (L) or right (R) DLPFC lesions. All participants were 30-35 years post-onset of injury and presented with persistent discourse impairments. The discourse performance of the R DLPFC group was not significantly different from Adenosine either the L DLPFC group or the non-injured comparison group. Individuals from the L DLPFC group demonstrated specific difficulties with narrative coherence and inclusion of critical story components. Both measures were significantly different

from the comparison group. The discourse ability of the DLPFC groups was significantly correlated with measures of working memory. Findings support the use of discourse analysis for examining language impairments in individuals with PFC lesions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“We examined whether changes in negative symptoms, as measured by scores on the 16-item Negative Symptom Assessment scale (NSA-16), were associated with changes in functional outcome. A group of 125 stable outpatients with schizophrenia were assessed at baseline and at 6 months using the NSA-16, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and multiple measures of functional outcome. Baseline adjusted regression coefficients indicated moderate correlations between negative symptoms and functional outcomes when baseline values of both variables were controlled. Results were nearly identical when we controlled for positive symptoms. Cross-lag panel correlations and Structural Equation Modeling were used to examine whether changes in negative symptoms drove changes in functional outcomes over time.

Currently, we are further looking into enhancement of reaction kinetics and exploitation of tandem crDA in vivo. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Introduction: The mouse monoclonal antibody MOv18, directed against the alpha-isoform of folate receptor (FR), was investigated to identify the optimal radioconjugate for radioimmunotherapy APR-246 supplier of minimal residual disease in ovarian cancer.

Methods:

Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, long-term therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of MOv18, labeled with the beta-emitters I-131, Y-90 and Lu-177, were compared in a xenografted mouse model, composed by two cell lines, A431FR and A431MK, differing only for FR expression.

Results: A shorter blood clearance and a higher tumor uptake were observed for Y-90- and Lu-177- compared to I-131-MOv18, and a shorter blood pharmacokinetics was recorded in A431FR-bearing animals. At equitoxic maximum tolerable doses, the general irradiation by I-131- and Y-90-MOv18 gives rise to strong targeted effects on A431FR and nontargeted effects on A431MK tumors, while Lu-177-MOv18 was able to eradicate small size tumor masses expressing the antigen of interest exerting only mild non-targeted effects.

Conclusion: Lu-177-MOv18 at the maximal tolerated dose

is the immunoradioconjugate this website with the best therapeutic window in experimental conditions of small tumor volume. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Introduction: [1-(11)C]Acetate positron emission tomography (PET) is used for myocardial studies. In the myocardium, mitochondrial acetylCoA synthetase (ACSS1) mainly contributes to the radiopharmaceutical

uptake. [1-(11)C]Acetate PET is also used for tumor diagnosis; however, the uptake mechanism of radiolabeled acetate in tumors remains unclear. Our previous study reported that cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS2) Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) was expressed in tumor cells and up-regulated under hypoxia, whereas expression of ACSS1 was negligible regardless of the oxygen conditions. We also indicated that ACSS2 is a bidirectional enzyme that controls acetyl-CoA/acetate metabolism in tumor cells. In this study, to elucidate the basic mechanism Of tumor acetate uptake, we focused oil ACSS2 and investigated the role of ACSS2 in the uptake of radiolabeled acetate in tumor cells.

Methods: [1-(14)C]Acetate uptake and ACSS2 expression were examined in four tumor cell lines under normoxia or hypoxia. An ACSS2 knockdown study was also performed.

Results: [1-(14)C]Acetate uptake was increased in the tumor cells under hypoxia. This pattern followed that of ACSS2 expression. The incorporated (14)C was mostly distributed in the lipid-soluble fractions, and this tendency increased under hypoxia. ACSS2 knockdown led to a corresponding reduction in [1-(14)C]acetate uptake in all tumor cell lines examined under normoxia and hypoxia.

None of these 305

patients have died of prostate cancer or have had symptomatic metastatic disease develop. Median followup was 6.8 years. The proportion of patients who would have had a trigger for treatment ranged from 14% to 42% for the threshold triggers, 37% to 50% for the prostate specific antigen doubling time triggers and 42% to 84% for the velocity triggers.

Conclusions: Almost all of the prostate specific click here antigen triggers examined in this study would have led to high rates of trigger for treatment. More work is needed to identify a trigger that better strikes the balance between recommending treatment for patients at high risk for progression and minimizing treatment for those at low risk for progression.”
“BACKGROUND: The management of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is challenging, and invasive therapies place vital intracranial structures at risk of injury. The development of noninvasive, pharmacologic approaches relies on identifying factors that mediate key angiogenic processes. Previous studies CFTRinh-172 molecular weight indicate that endothelial cells (ECs) derived from cerebral AVM (AVM-ECs) are distinct from control brain ECs with regard to important angiogenic characteristics.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine whether thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a potent angiostatic factor, regulates critical angiogenic features of AVM-ECs and to identify factors that modulate TSP-1 production in AVM-ECs.

METHODS: EC proliferation, migration, and tubule formation were evaluated with bromodeoxyuridine Molecular motor incorporation, Boyden chamber, and Matrigel studies, respectively. TSP-1 and inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 1 (Id1) mRNA levels were quantified with microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. TSP-1 protein

expression was measured using Western blotting, immunohistochemical, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. The mechanistic link between Id1 and TSP-1 was established through small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Id1 in AVM-ECs followed by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments assessing TSP-1 production.

RESULTS: AVM-ECs proliferate faster, migrate more quickly, and form disorganized tubules compared with brain ECs. TSP-1 is significantly down-regulated in AVM-ECs. The addition of TSP-1 to AVM-EC cultures normalizes the rate of proliferation and migration and the efficiency of tubule formation, whereas brain ECs are unaffected. Id1 negatively regulates TSP-1 expression in AVM-ECs.

CONCLUSION: These data highlight a novel role for TSP-1 in the pathobiology of AVM angiogenesis and provide a context for its use in the clinical management of brain AVMs.”
“Purpose: We determined the performance of PCA3 alone and in the presence of other covariates as an indicator of contemporaneous and future prostate biopsy results in a population with previous negative biopsy and increased serum prostate specific antigen.

This effect was observed in both mate and female rats. No differences between strains or the effects of R121919 were observed for spontaneous ambulation or in the elevated plus maze test. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Olfactory function has been shown to be affected in chronic kidney disease; however, studies are contradictory and little is known on the effects of dialysis. To resolve these issues we tested olfactory function in 24 healthy controls and in 28 patients with chronic kidney disease receiving

hemodialysis (20 patients) or peritoneal dialysis (the other 8). As assays for olfactory function we measured smell identification, n-butanol and acetic acid thresholds, LGK-974 cell line Kt/V urea, percentage reduced urea, and weights before and after dialysis. Olfactory function was also self-rated by the participants. Compared to healthy controls, predialysis olfactory function was moderately but significantly decreased in the two dialysis groups, with hemodialysis patients being more affected. Patients self-rated olfactory function

similar to that of healthy controls, suggesting that patients are unaware of the olfactory decrease. Olfactory function was significantly improved by one hemodialysis session. Neither body mass index, total volume loss, nor any other dialysis parameter Elacridar correlated with olfactory function or its restitution following hemodialysis. The observed pattern of improvement suggests underlying mixed peripheral and central mechanisms. Thus, olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease is readily reversible by hemodialysis. Kidney International (2011) 80, 886-893; doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.189; published online 22 June 2011″
“Multisensory integration has often been characterized many as an automatic process. Recent findings

indicate that multisensory integration can occur across various stages of stimulus processing that are linked to, and can be modulated by, attention. Stimulus-driven, bottom-up mechanisms induced by crossmodal interactions can automatically capture attention towards multisensory events, particularly when competition to focus elsewhere is relatively low. Conversely, top-down attention can facilitate the integration of multisensory inputs and lead to a spread of attention across sensory modalities. These findings point to a more intimate and multifaceted interplay between attention and multisensory integration than was previously thought. We review developments in the current understanding of the interactions between attention and multisensory processing, and propose a framework that unifies previous, apparently discordant, findings.

Methods and results In the elevated plus-maze (EPM), flumazenil (FMZ), a BDZ antagonist, partially blocked the anxiolytic-like effect of DST-3 or STY-4 and STY-7, but not DST-1. Using electroencephalogram (EEG), EA protected against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsion in rats, an effect partially blocked by FMZ, suggesting the participation of the BDZ-bs in this action. EA also protected against the maximal electroshock (MES)-induced convulsions in mice, a profile distinct from diazepam (DZP). DST and STY compounds inhibited the [(3)H]-flunitrazepam ([(3)H]-FNZ) binding to BDZ-bs in rat cortical Tucidinostat concentration synaptosomes with K (i) higher

than 100 mu M (DST-1), 41.7 mu M (DST-2), 35.8 mu M (DST-3), 90.3 mu M (STY-4), 31.0 mu M (STY-5) and 70.0 mu M (STY-7). In the saturation assay, DST-3 and STY-7 competitively inhibited the binding of [(3)H]-FNZ to BDZ-bs with a significant decrease in apparent affinity (K (d)) and no change in maximal binding (B (max)).

Conclusions The present data support a partial BDZ-bs mediation of the anxiolytic-like and anticonvulsant effects of find more EA of P. sabulosa and its main isolated constituents, DST and STY.”
“Objectives. We aim to understand how human, social, and cultural capitals are associated with the volunteer process, that is, engagement (starting), intensity

(number of hours), and cessation (stopping), among older adults.

Method. Data from the 2000 through 2008 Health and Retirement Study and the 2001 through 2009 Consumption and Activity Mail Survey provide a sample of 4,526 respondents. Random-effects pooled time series Fossariinae analyses incorporate not only the presence of various types of capital but also the quality of that capital.

Results. Human and cultural capitals were positively associated with increased volunteer

involvement. Effects of social capital (relationships in the family, employment status, and the community) depended on the quality of the relationships, not necessarily on their presence alone.

Discussion. Results suggest that bolstering older adults’ capitals, particularly among lower socioeconomic status groups, can increase volunteer engagement and intensity and reduce cessation. Additionally, a variety of organizational policies including respite programs for caregivers and employer policies allowing employees to reduce their work hours might indirectly affect participation rates and commitment. Potential pools of volunteers exist in families, workplaces, and religious organizations, but more research is necessary to identify how to recruit and retain individuals in social networks where volunteer participatory rates are low.”
“The spatial organization of the genome within the nucleus is thought to contribute to genome functions.

In this study we tested the hypothesis that 5-HT activity in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) contributes to the acquisition and expression of conditioned defeat. We investigated whether injection of the selective Tariquidar chemical structure 5-HT1A agonist flesinoxan (200 ng, 400 ng, or 800 ng in 200 nl saline) into the DRN would reduce the acquisition and expression of conditioned defeat. Additionally, we investigated whether injection of the selective 5-HT1A antagonist WAY 100635 (400 ng in 200

nl saline) into the DRN would enhance the acquisition and expression of conditioned defeat following a sub-optimal social defeat experience. We found that injection of flesinoxan into the DRN before exposure to a 15-min social defeat reduced the amount of submissive and defensive behavior shown at testing. We also found that injection of flesinoxan into the DRN before testing similarly

reduced submissive and defensive behavior. In addition, we found that WAY 100635 enhanced conditioned defeat when injected either before social defeat or before testing. These data support the hypothesis that the activity of 5-HT cells in the DRN, as regulated by 5-HT1A autoreceptors, contributes to the formation and display of conditioned defeat. Further, our results suggest that 5-HT release in DRN projection regions augments defeat-induced changes in social behavior. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The membrane-bound water channel aquaporin-4 plays a significant role in the regulation of water movement within the retina. In retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury,

changes in the expression and localization selleck chemical of aquaporin-4 have been reported. Previous studies also suggest that the internalization of several membrane-bound proteins, including aquaporin-4, may occur with or without lysosomal degradation. In this study, the internalization of aquaporin-4 Selleck DAPT was detected in the ischemic rat retina via double immunofluorescence labeling. Specifically, both aquaporin-4 and the mannose-6-phosphate receptor co-localized post-ischemic injury (10,30 and 60 min). The same results were found during a 12-h reperfusion window (2, 4 and 8 h, respectively) following 60 min of ischemia. Moreover, the co-expression of aquaporin-4 and lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1 was observed at 1-12 h of reperfusion, with co-expression increasing followed by a gradual decrease. These combined findings suggest that AQP4 is internalized in the ischemic-reperfused retina, and the lysosome is involved in degrading the internalized aquaporin-4 during the reperfusion phase. Both the internalization of aquaporin-4 and its lysosomal degradation may serve as valuable therapeutic targets for managing ischemic-reperfused retinal injury. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis, is an invasive worldwide pest that causes great economic loss. Temperature plays an important role in shaping insect distributions.