2 +/- 10.3 years, which is the youngest, and with the largest proportion of patients smaller than 40 years in the entire IH population. The overall population attributable risk (PAR) of the nine risk factors to AMI was higher in the

ME (97.5%) than worldwide (90.4%). Elevated apolipoprotein (Apo)B/ApoA1 had the strongest association with AMI, with odds ratio (OR) of 3.43 and PAR of 57.1%, followed by smoking (OR 3.63 and PAR 45.6%). ApoB/ApoA1 had greater association than the selleck kinase inhibitor conventional low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio. Both diabetes (OR 3.42, PAR 16.4%) and hypertension (OR 1.89, PAR 10.7%) had greater association with AMI in women than men. Abdominal obesity (OR 2.12, PAR 26.1%) and depression (OR 1.97, PAR 45.3%), but not conventional BMI, were significantly associated with AMI (p smaller than 0.0001). Conclusion This is the largest prospective population study of risk factors associated with AMI in the ME. AMI occurs at younger age in the ME than all other regions. The PAR for the nine risk factors was higher in the ME (97.5%) than the rest of the world. These findings should guide serious prevention strategies.”
“Background:

Unscheduled bleeding is the main side effect of continuous oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) and has been correlated with the up-regulation of matrix metalloprotineases (MMPs). The study objective was to determine if prophylactic administration of doxycycline (an MMP inhibitor at low subantimicrobial selleck inhibitor doses) would prevent unscheduled bleeding during the initiation of a continuous OCP.\n\nStudy Design: Subjects using cyclic hormonal contraceptives (combined OCPs, patch or ring) without unscheduled bleeding were switched to continuous OCPs (20 mcg ethinyl cstradiol/100 mcg levonorgestrel). They were randomized to receive daily doxycycline [sustained-release subantimicrobial dose (40 mg daily)] or placebo for the first 84 days and then observed for TPCA-1 an additional 28 days on the continuous OCP alone. The number of bleeding/spotting days and the time in days it took to achieve amenorrhea

were compared using a t test.\n\nResults: Sixty-five subjects were randomized. Although the use of doxycycline did not significantly decrease the number of mean bleeding/spotting days in the first 84 days of the study [doxycycline 14.75 (SE 2.30), placebo 17.78 (2.31), p=.36], women who received doxycycline had a significantly earlier onset of amenorrhea [mean last day of bleeding/spotting doxycycline 61.7 (7.7), placebo 85.2 (6.7), p=.03].\n\nConclusion: The coadministration of subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline during initiation of continuous OCPs results in a significant reduction in the length of time needed to achieve amenorrhea. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“S-1 is an oral antitumor agent that contains tegafur, which is converted to fluorouracil (5-FU) in the human body.

9% for ICH (95% confidence interval, CI = 94.5-97.0%) and 96.1% for SAH (95% CI = 94.8-97.0%). The coding errors observed were largely expected, with different types of stroke miscoded as ICH and SAH.\n\nConclusions: selleck products The accuracy of ICD-10 hospital discharge coding for hemorrhagic stroke was excellent. However further research is needed to find ways to further improve its accuracy.”
“Complex airway diseases represent a therapeutic challenge and require multidisciplinary input. Surgery remains the definitive modality. Minimally invasive endobron, chial techniques have resulted in symptom control and long-term

improvements. The rigid bronchoscope remains the method of choice for the treatment of both benign and malignant central airway obstruction. However, it has limited use if lesions are located in the upper lobes or lung periphery, but significant technological advances allow for effective treatments using the flexible bronchoscope. Rigid and flexible

bronchoscopes should be seen as complementary procedures and most cases require the use of both modalities.”
“High soil temperatures achieved with solarization practice used in greenhouses may prevent diseases infested from soils with soil pathogens. Physical manipulations like tillage, increasing soil water content and addition of organic residues to soil increase effectiveness of solarization by way of facilitating downward heat flux and increasing temperature in subsoil. A two-year Akt inhibitor work assessing importance of soil tillage, soil wetting and CO2 enriched air (for simulating organic residue addition to soil) on solarization selleck inhibitor was carried out in glass and plastic greenhouses (1 glass and 2 of plastic) with clay and sandy soils in Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Four treatments were tested: (1) with tillage (T), (2) no tillage (NT), (3) with tillage and CO2 addition

(TCO2) and (4) no tillage and no CO2 addition (NTCO2). The CO2 enrichment of air under plastic mulch 432 covering soil during the solarization was done using dry ice (i.e. CO2). The levels of the highest temperatures attained under different treatments during solarization period were assessed and recorded. The results showed that the highest temperature was recorded throughout the complete solarization period under the treatment with soil tillage and CO2 addition (TCO2) over all soil depths (5, 20 and 35 cm). The mean highest temperatures recorded for 30 days of solarization period did not exhibit any consistent trend in clay soils (Greenhouse 1 and 2) whereas the ranking of the treatments TCO2>T>NT>NTCO2 was maintained in sandy soil (Greenhouse 3). The highest temperature attained in Greenhouses 1 and 2, with soils of clay texture, and 3 with soil of sandy texture, at soil depths of 5, 20 and 35 cm were 55.4, 45.3 and 41.4 degrees C; 56.8, 46.6 and 42.7 degrees C; 56.6, 48.4 and 44.

\n\n3. The birds stunned with N-2 displayed the highest initial reduction in muscle pH, but after 4 h post mortem there were no differences in pH values associated with the various CAS methods.\n\n4. The CAS method alone had no statistically significant effect on the quality of turkey breast muscle when the chilling speed was rapid (0 degrees C for 4 h, followed by storage at 4 degrees C). When the chilling rate Trichostatin A datasheet was slowed (20 degrees C for 4 h followed by storage at 4 degrees C), a significant decrease in cooking loss and in Warner-Bratzler shear force was recorded for birds stun-killed with

CO2.\n\n5. This study shows that anoxic stun-killing with N-2 had no adverse effects on meat quality despite the rapid post mortem pH decrease. The CAS with N-2 allows Selleck Wnt inhibitor rapid cooling of carcases without the risk of cold shortening, whereas with CO2-stun-killing of turkeys, the rate of chilling should be slower. Concerning meat quality, all the CAS methods tested were suitable for stunning turkeys.”
“Epicardial adipose tissue is a source of pro-inflammatory

cytokines and has been linked to the development of coronary artery disease. No study has 432 systematically assessed the relationship between local epicardial fat volume (EFV) and myocardial perfusion defects. We analyzed EFV in patients undergoing SPECT myocardial perfusion Nepicastat manufacturer imaging combined with computed tomography (CT) for attenuation correction. Low-dose CT without contrast was performed in 396 consecutive patients undergoing SPECT imaging for evaluation of coronary artery disease. Regional thickness, cross-sectional areas, and total EFV were assessed. 295 patients had normal myocardial perfusion scans and 101 had abnormal perfusion scans. Mean EFVs in normal, ischemic, and infarcted hearts were 99.8 +/- A 82.3 cm(3), 156.4 +/- A 121.9 cm(3), and 96.3 +/- A 102.1 cm(3), respectively (P smaller than 0.001). Reversible perfusion defects were associated with increased local EFV compared to normal

perfusion in the distribution of the right (69.2 +/- A 51.5 vs 46.6 +/- A 32.0 cm(3); P = 0.03) and left anterior descending coronary artery (87.1 +/- A 76.4 vs 46.7 +/- A 40.6 cm(3); P = 0.005). Our results demonstrate increased regional epicardial fat in patients with active myocardial ischemia compared to patients with myocardial scar or normal perfusion on nuclear perfusion scans. Our results suggest a potential role for cardiac CT to improve risk stratification in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.”
“We report a method for detecting DNA single-base polymerization using a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) field effect transistor (FET)-based redox potential sensor array.

This review focuses on similarities and 4 differences between POTRA structures, emphasizing POTRA domains in

autotrophic organisms including plants and cyanobacteria. Unique roles, specific for certain POTRA domains, are examined in the context of POTRA location with Selleck XMU-MP-1 respect to their attachment to the beta-barrel pore, and their degree of biological dispensability. Finally, because many POTRA domains may have the ability to interact with thousands of partner proteins, possible modes of these interactions are also explored.”
“(Parmelioid eciliate lichens (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) from rocky shores of Parana and Santa Catarina, Brazil). A survey of parmelioid eciliate lichen species occurring on rocky shores, from the states of Parana and Santa Catarina, revealed the presence of twelve species in the following genera: Canoparmelia (1), Hypotrachyna (2), Parmotrema (4), Pseudoparmelia (1) and Xanthoparmelia (4). New records are Parmotrema mordenii and Xanthoparmelia subramigera for Parana and Santa Catarina, Pseudoparmelia cubensis and Xanthoparmelia catarinae for Parana, and Hypotrachyna osseoalba, Parmotrema dactylosum and P endosulphureum for Veliparib nmr Santa Catarina. An identification key, descriptions,

comments and illustrations are provided.”
“Over the last two decades, the rise in the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity explains the emergence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. As described in adults, children and adolescents with fatty liver display insulin resistance, glucose intolerance,

and dyslipidemia. Thus NAFLD has emerged as the hepatic component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and a strong cardiovascular risk factor even at a very early age. Several studies, including pediatric populations, have reported independent associations between NAFLD and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis including impaired flow-mediated vasodilation, Volasertib order increased carotid artery intima-media thickness, and arterial stiffness, after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and MetS. Also, it has been shown that NAFLD is associated with cardiac alterations, including abnormal left ventricular structure and impaired diastolic function. The duration of these subclinical abnormalities may be important, because treatment to reverse the process is most likely to be effective earlier in the disease. In the present review, we examine the current evidence on the association between NAFLD and atherosclerosis as well as between NAFLD and cardiac dysfunction in the pediatric population, and discuss briefly the possible biological mechanisms linking NAFLD and cardiovascular changes.

granulosus in the locality. Questionnaire survey revealed that 17.2% of the respondents were aware of hydatidosis but non of them were

knowledgeable on its transmission. Up to 84.4% of the respondents had domestic ruminants and donkeys, while 89.1% had dogs. Of the households with dogs, only 19.3% had their dogs dewormed at least once in life time. Most of the households (87.7%) had their dogs managed freely and 77.2% of the respondents reported school children to be the closest friends of dogs in the family. The prevalence of E. granulosus infection in wildlife and the possible relationship of the domestic cycle to the sylvatic cycle operating in the same area are unknown and need to be studied.”
“Context: Irisin, a recently identified hormone, has this website been proposed to regulate energy homeostasis and obesity in mice. Whether irisin levels are associated

with risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiometabolic variables, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in humans remains unknown. Objective: Our objective was to assess the associations between baseline serum irisin levels and MetS, cardiometabolic variables, and CVD risk. Design, Setting, and Subjects: We conducted a comparative cross-sectional evaluation of baseline circulating levels of the novel hormone irisin and the established adipokine adiponectin with Selleck ACY-241 MetS, cardiometabolic variables, and Crenolanib CVD risk in a sample of 151 subjects. Results: Baseline irisin levels were significantly higher

in subjects with MetS than in subjects without MetS. Irisin was associated negatively with adiponectin (r = -0.4, P smaller than .001) and positively with body mass index (r = 0.22, P = .008), systolic (r = 0.17, P = .04) and diastolic (r = 0.27, P = .001) blood pressure, fasting glucose (r = 0.25, P = .002), triglycerides (r = 0.25, P = .003), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (r = 0.33, P smaller than .001). After adjustment for potential confounders, including body mass index, subjects in the highest tertile of irisin levels were more likely to have MetS (odds ratio [OR] = 9.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.66-33.44), elevated fasting blood glucose (OR = 5.80, 95% CI = 1.72-19.60), high triglycerides (OR = 3.89, 95% CI = 1.16-13.03), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 3.30, 95% CI = 1.18-9.20). Irisin was independently associated with homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and general Framingham risk profile in multiple linear regression analyses after adjustment for confounders. Adiponectin demonstrated the expected associations with outcomes.

Eleven (29%) of them had an incomplete form of the disease. Coronary artery abnormalities were found in 10 (26%) children, insignificantly more often among those with incomplete KD. Each day of treatment delay increased the complication rate by almost 1.5 (OR 1.45, p = 0.009). Treatment initiated 10 days after the onset of the disease increased

this risk almost nine times (OR 8.99, p = 0.007). No significant differences in respect to age (p = 0.431), gender (p = 0.744) and laboratory test results were found between the groups with and without coronary complications. A complete regression of coronary artery involvement was seen in 7 children, and partial regression was seen in one child. One child died and another needed coronary artery bypass grafting. Conclusions: Coronary artery aneurysms developed at a similar rate in both complete and incomplete forms of KD and the only significant risk factor PF-00299804 manufacturer https://www.selleckchem.com/products/GSK461364.html was the timing of treatment initiation. In young children with

fever of unknown cause lasting longer than 5 days, echocardiography is warranted. Despite a tendency for coronary artery aneurysms to regress, late complications may occur and all children require long-term follow up in a cardiology clinic.”
“Aims: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effects of common 432 polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene on the toxicity and clinical responses of irinotecan-based Ulixertinib cost chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: The PubMed, CISCOM, CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and CBM databases were searched from their inception through November 1st, 2013 without language

restrictions. Meta-analysis was conducted with the use of the STATA 12.0 software. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Seven clinical cohort studies with a total of 815 CRC patients met the inclusion criteria. Two common polymorphisms (677 C bigger than T and 1298A bigger than C) in the MTHFR gene were assessed. Results: The results from our meta-analysis suggested that MTHFR genetic polymorphisms might significantly decrease the rate of grade 3/4 toxicity of irinotecan-based chemotherapy in CRC patients (OR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.32-0.89, p=0.015). Furthermore, we also demonstrated that MTHFR genetic polymorphisms strongly correlated with good clinical responses (complete response+partial response) to irinotecan-based chemotherapy in CRC patients (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.05-2.04, p=0.024). Conclusions: Our findings provide empirical evidence that MTHFR genetic polymorphisms may decrease the toxicity of irinotecan-based chemotherapy and increase the clinical benefits for CRC patients. Thus, MTHFR genetic polymorphisms may be screened to predict the clinical responses to irinotecan-based chemotherapy in CRC patients.

The protein patterns showed a high abundance of protein spots in the acidic range, including three lectin proteins. The metabolic and defense enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase, that are associated with antioxidant activity, were mainly found in the basic region. Furthermore, cysteine protease was found in this plant, as had been previously reported in other Zingiberaceae plants.\n\nConclusion: This report presents the protein profiles of the ginger plant, Curcuma comosa. Several interesting 123 proteins were identified in

this plant that may be used as a protein marker and aid in identifying plants of the Zingiberaceae family.”
“On many occasions, homopolysaccharide hydrogel networks alone are not suitable for controlled drug delivery. In this study, interpenetrating networks (IPNs) of sodium alginate (ALG) and etherified BI 2536 in vitro locust bean gum (ELBG) were developed through ionotropic gelation with Al3+ ions, tested for glipizide release, and were compared with homopolymer hydrogel networks. The degree of reticulation in IPNs was explained by the neutralization equivalent, tensile

strength measurement, and drying DAPT kinetics of drug-free hydrogels. IPNs afforded a maximum of 94.40 +/- 0.35% drug entrapment efficiency and exhibited slower drug release profiles up to 8h. Al3+-ALG network almost completed the release of embedded drug in 3.5h; however, the homopolymer Al3+-ELBG network discharged their content at a slow, uniform rate up to 8h like the IPNs. All the networks appeared spherical under scanning electron microscope. In all cases, JQ1 molecular weight a faster drug release rate was assumed in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) than in KCl/HCl buffer (pH 1.2) solution. The pH-responsive swelling of the beads was responsible for the variable drug release rate in different media. NonFickian diffusion mechanism was operative for the transport of drug from the IPNs. Moreover, IPNs gained appreciation for their better mechanical strength (63.79 +/- 1.59MPa) than Al3+-ELBG network. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning

calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction analyses indicated a compatible environment for drug encapsualtion and release from the IPNs. The drug release curves of Al3+-ELBG and IPNs were found similar to a reference product. Hence, Al3+-ELBG and IPNs could be useful in controlling diabetes over longer periods.”
“The Omp85/TPS (outer-membrane protein of 85 kDa/two-partner secretion) super-family is a ubiquitous and major class of beta-barrel proteins. This superfamily is restricted to the outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. The common architecture, with an N-terminus consisting of repeats of soluble polypeptide-transport-associated (POTRA) domains and a C-terminal beta-barrel pore is highly conserved.

e. the ratio of autosomes to gonosomes (a process well understood in flies, but still hypothesized

in mammals), b) the implication of non-translated, sex-specific, regulatory RNAs (roX and Xist, respectively) as key elements in this process and the location of similar mediators in the Z chromosome of chicken c) the inclusion of a chromatin modification epigenetic final step, which ensures that gene expression remains stably regulated throughout the affected area of the gonosome. This review summarizes these points and proposes a possible role for comparative genetics, as they seem to constitute proof of maintained cell economy (by using the same basic regulatory elements in various different scenarios)

throughout numerous centuries of evolutionary Kinase Inhibitor Library solubility dmso history.”
“What is known and objective: We report a case of severe liver dysfunction exacerbated Autophagy inhibitor after interferon beta (IFNB)-1b injection in a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) who had been taking a melilot (sweet clover) supplement. Although IFNB-1b therapy for MS can cause mild liver dysfunction, severe hepatotoxicity attributable to supplement use has been reported.\n\nCase summary: A 23-year-old Japanese woman taking a melilot supplement containing coumarin at 10 mg/day for 3 years was admitted to our hospital to receive IFNB-1b therapy for MS. Fourteen days after subcutaneous injection of IFNB-1b every other day, her aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were elevated at 235 and 681 IU/L, respectively. selleck After the discontinuation of IFNB-1b therapy and supplement intake, AST and ALT returned to normal levels. Later, she started receiving an intramuscular injection of IFNB-1a weekly without supplement intake. She was able to continue IFNB-1a

therapy this time, showing a slight elevation of AST level at 61 IU/L.\n\nWhat is new and conclusion: The combination of IFNB-1b therapy and melilot supplement intake may cause severe liver dysfunction in patients with MS. Given the doubtful value of the supplement, we suggest that it should be avoided by patients receiving interferon therapy.”
“Anxiety disorders constitute a significant public health problem. Current gold standard treatments are limited in their effectiveness, prompting the consideration of alternative approaches. In this review, we examine the evidence for exercise as an intervention for anxiety disorders. This evidence comes from population studies, studies of nonclinical anxiety reduction, as well as a limited number of studies of clinically anxious individuals. All of these studies provide converging evidence for consistent beneficial effects of exercise on anxiety, and are consistent with a variety of accounts of the mechanism of anxiety reduction with exercise.

Understanding determinants of intention to remain employed can lead to development of strategies that strengthen nurse retention. Incorporation of this knowledge in nurse education programmes is essential.”
“We have previously shown the adjuvant activity of propranolol (PRP) (a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist) using a vaccine

model for Salmonella typhimurium. In this study PRP was used as an adjuvant in combination with Plasmodium berghei (P. berghei) whole blood stage (PWBS) antigens. BALB/c mice were immunized three times with a 2-week interval, either PWBS vaccine WH-4-023 concentration alone or in combination with the adjuvant alum or propranolol. The control group received phosphate buffered saline. Evaluation of the cellular and humoral immunity was performed by measurement of interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, lymphocyte proliferation, total IgG and IgG2a in the control and immunized groups. Furthermore, Clinical evaluations were carried out by analyze survival rate

and parasitemia of the mice. Our results showed that the mice immunized with propranolol induced higher levels of antibody, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha as well as stronger lymphocyte proliferative responses compared with other groups. This resulted in improved protective immunity against Plasmodium berghei. CHIR98014 PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor Administration of the PRP as an adjuvant in combination with the PWBS Antigen vaccine can shift the immune

responses to a T helper1 pattern and enhance the protective immunity.”
“Sex and age-matched wild-type and TCR transgenic mice were infected with cytomegalovirus (CMV) at 6 months of age and followed for 12 additional months to examine aging of the immune system. It was found that viral infection of C57B1/6 mice resulted in accelerated aging of the immune system as shown by a loss of CD8+28(+) cells and an accumulation of KLRG1(+) T cells. CMV infection of OT-1 transgenic mice had no influence on immune aging of these mice which nonetheless demonstrated an accumulation of CD8(+)28(-) and KLRG1(+) T cells with time. CD4(+) T cells were unaffected in either strain of mice. Thus, immunological aging was found to be due to both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors. Persistent viral infections may accelerate immunological Taselisib molecular weight aging but consideration must be given to individual variation in the aging process. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.”
“Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) is a trophic factor expressed by glial cells and different neuronal populations. Addition of FGF-2 to spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants demonstrated that FGF-2 specifically increases motor neuron axonal growth. To further explore the potential capability of FGF-2 to promote axon regeneration, we produced a lentiviral vector (LV) to overexpress FGF-2 (LV-FGF2) in the injured rat peripheral nerve.

Using partial volume information significantly improved the accuracy of the thickness estimation on synthetic

phantoms, and improved reproducibility on real data. Significant differences in the hippocampus and temporal lobe between healthy controls (NC), mild cognitive impaired (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients were found on clinical data from the ADNI database. We compared our method in terms of precision, computational speed and statistical power against the Eulerian approach. With a slight increase in computation time, LY2157299 supplier accuracy and precision were greatly improved. Power analysis demonstrated the ability of our method to yield statistically significant results when comparing AD and NC. Overall, with our method the number of samples is reduced by 25% to find significant differences between the two groups. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The purpose of this study was to evaluate the light intensity output of quartz-tungsten-halogen NVP-AUY922 (QTH) and light emitting diode (LED) curing devices located at governmental health institutions in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.\n\nEight governmental institutions were involved in the study. The total number of evaluated curing devices was 210 (120 were QTH

and 90 were LED). The reading of the light intensity output for each curing unit was achieved using a digital spectrometer; (Model USB4000 Spectrometer, Ocean JQ-EZ-05 Optics Inc, Dunedin, FL, USA). The reading procedure was performed by a single investigator; any recording of light intensity below 300 mW/cm(2)

was considered unsatisfactory.\n\nThe result found that the recorded mean values of light intensity output for QTH and LED devices were 260 mW/cm2 and 598 mW/cm(2), respectively. The percentage of QTH devices and LED devices considered unsatisfactory was 67.5% and 15.6%, respectively. Overall, the regular assessment of light curing devices using light meters is recommended to assure adequate output for clinical use.”
“Within the framework of the dielectric continuum (DC) model, the optical phonon modes and electron-optical-phonon interaction in hemispherical quantum dot are investigated. The proper eigenfunctions for longitudinal optical (LO) and interface optical (IO) phonon modes are constructed. After having quantized the eigenmodes, we derive the Hamiltonian operators describing the LO and IO phonon modes as well as the corresponding Frohlich electron-phonon interaction. The dispersion relation of IO phonon modes is size independent. The potential applications of these results are also discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate many key cancer-relevant pathways and may themselves possess oncogenic or tumor-suppressor functions. Consequently, miRNA dysregulation has been shown to be a prominent feature in many human cancers.