The choriocapillaris was imaged with better resolution of microvascular detail using PV-OCT. Areas of geographic atrophy and choroidal neovascularization imaged by FA were depicted by PV-OCT. Regions of capillary nonperfusion from diabetic retinopathy Selleck CCI-779 were shown by both

imaging techniques; there was not complete correspondence between microaneurysms shown on FA and PV-OCT images. Conclusions: Phase-variance OCT yields high-resolution imaging of the retinal and choroidal microvasculature that compares favorably with FA. (C) 2014 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.”
“Methylene blue (M), as a dye in sentinel lymph node mapping (SLNM), has been introduced as an alternative to lymphazurin (L) after the recent shortage of L. M has been evaluated in breast cancer in multiple studies with favorable results. Our study compares L with M in the SLNM of gastrointestinal (GI) tumors.\n\nBetween Jan 2005 and Aug 2008, 122 consecutive patients with GI tumors were enrolled. All patients (pts) underwent SLNM with either L or M by subserosal injection of 2-5 mL of

dye. Efficacy and rates of adverse reactions were compared between the two dyes. Patients were prospectively monitored for adverse reactions including anaphylaxis, development of blue hives, and tissue necrosis.\n\nOf 122 pts, 60 (49.2%) underwent SLNM using L and 62 (50.8%) underwent SLNM using M. Colon cancer (CrCa) was the most common site in both groups. The success rate of L and M in SLNM was 96.6% and 96.7%, respectively, selleck screening library with similar numbers of total number of lymph nodes per pt, SLNs per pt (< 3), nodal FK228 ic50 positivity, skip metastasis,

and accuracy. The only adverse reaction in the L group was oxygen desaturation > 5% in 5% (3/60) of pts, compared with none in the M group. Cost per vial of L was $210 vs $7 for M.\n\nThe success rate, nodal positivity, average SLNs per patient, and overall accuracy were similar between L and M. Absence of anaphylaxis and lower cost make M more desirable than L in SLNM of GI tumors.”
“Aim: To investigate mononucleotide markers: BAT-25, BAT-26, NR-21, NR-22 and NR-24 in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and the status of HSP110T(17), KRAS, BRAF and the MLH1 promoter mutations in microsatellite unstable CRC. Methods: Genetic assessments were performed on samples obtained following resection of CRC in 200 patients. Results: Allelic variations of HSP110T(17) were found in all 18 patients with microsatellite instabilities (MSIs) in at least three markers (high-frequency MSI). By contrast, mutations of HSP110T(17) were absent in all 20 patients with no MSI frequency. Eight out of 182 patients with low (instability in one marker) or no frequency MSI had allelic shifts due to polymorphisms of BAT-25 (1.5%), NR-21 (1.75%) and NR-24 (1.5%). BRAF mutations were associated with >5 bp shortening of HSP110T(17).

Results. A total of 186 patients were examined for this study at 16 to 39 weeks’ gestation (mean, 27.4 weeks). The anteroposterior diameter of the fetal anal canal in this study group ranged from 4 to 21 mm (mean, 11.2 mm; SD, +/- 3.5 mm), whereas the lateral diameter ranged from 7 to 18 mm (mean, 9.1 mm; SD, +/- 3.0 mm). The length of the fetal anal canal in this study group ranged from 3 to 24 mm (mean, 14.3 mm; SD, +/- 3.8 mm). Conclusions. Selleck Vorinostat Ultrasonographic assessment of the fetal anal canal with 3DUS is feasible. Scatterplots were created for internal anal

sphincter width and length measurements from 16 to 39 weeks’ gestation. Larger studies are necessary to establish nomograms of these measurements and their application to the evaluation of pathologic cases. We speculate that 3DUS assessment of the fetal anal canal may improve detection selleck screening library rates of disorders involving this system.”
“Objective: Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a critical role in the prevention of autoimmunity, and the suppressive activity of these cells is

impaired in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the present study was to investigate function and properties of Treg of RA patients in response to purified polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannogalactan (GXMGal). Methods: Flow cytometry and western blot analysis were used to investigate the frequency, function and properties of Treg cells. Results: GXMGal was able to: i) induce strong increase of FOXP3 on CD4(+) T cells without affecting the number of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) Treg cells with parallel increase in the percentage

of non-conventional CD4(+)CD25(-)FOXP3(+) Treg cells; ii) increase intracellular levels of TGF-beta 1 in CD4(+)CD25(-)FOXP3(+) Treg cells and of IL-10 in both CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) and CD4(+)CD25(-)FOXP3(+) Treg cells; iii) enhance the suppressive activity of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) and CD4(+)CD25(-)FOXP3(+) Treg cells in terms of inhibition of effector T cell activity and increased secretion of IL-10; iv) decrease Th1 response as demonstrated by inhibition of T-bet activation and down-regulation of IFN-gamma and IL-12p70 production; v) decrease Th17 differentiation by down-regulating pSTAT3 activation and Metabolism inhibitor IL-17A, IL-23, IL-21, IL-22 and IL-6 production. Conclusion: These data show that GXMGal improves Treg functions and increases the number and function of CD4(+)CD25(-)FOXP3(+) Treg cells of RA patients. It is suggested that GXMGal may be potentially useful for restoring impaired Treg functions in autoimmune disorders and for developing Treg cell-based strategies for the treatment of these diseases.”
“Background & Aims: Liver cancer, mainly hepatocellular carcinoma, is a major malignancy and currently there are no effective treatment protocols due to insufficient understanding of hepatocarcinogenesis.

23; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10-1.38, for every increase of 500 cal/day], yet high consumption of olive oil was nevertheless found to reduce the prevalence of high MD (OR = 0.86;95% CI = 0.76-0.96, for every increase of 22 g/day in olive oil consumption); and, while greater intake of whole milk was likewise associated with higher MD (OR = 1.10; 95%CI 1.00-1.20, for every increase of 200 g/day), higher consumption of protein (OR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.80-1.00, for every increase

of 30 g/day) and white meat (p for trend 0.041) was found to be inversely associated with MD. Our study, the largest to date to assess the association between diet and MD, suggests that MD is associated with modifiable dietary factors, such as calorie intake and olive oil consumption. These foods could thus modulate the prevalence of high MD, and important risk marker for breast cancer.”
“We THZ1 clinical trial developed a mathematical model to investigate the production and transport of nitric oxide (NO) generated by a monolayer of cultured endothelial cells exposed to flow in a parallel plate flow chamber.

The objectives were to provide a theoretical framework for interpreting experimental observations and to suggest a quantitative relationship Navitoclax clinical trial between shear stress and NO production rate. NO production was described as a combination of a basal production rate term and a shear-dependent term. Our results show that the shear stress-dependence of the production of NO by the endothelium influences the nature of mass transport within the boundary layer. We found that the steady state NO concentration near the endothelial surface exhibits a biphasic dependence on shear stress, in which

at low flow, NO concentration decreases owing to the enhanced removal by convective selleck kinase inhibitor transport while only at higher shear stresses does the increased production cause an increase in NO concentration. The unsteady response to step changes in flow exhibits transient fluctuations in NO that can be explained by time-dependent changes in the diffusive and convective mass transport as the concentration profile evolves. Our results indicate that this model can be used to determine the relationship between shear stress and NO production rate from measurements of NO concentration.”
“An efficient synthesis of siRNAs modified at the backbone with a triazole functionality is reported. Through the use of 4,4′-dimethoxytrityl (DMT) phosphoramidite chemistry, triazole backbone dimers were site-specifically incorporated throughout various siRNAs targeting both firefly luciferase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene transcripts as representatives of an exogenous and endogenous gene, respectively. Following the successful silencing of the firefly luciferase reporter gene, triazole-modified siRNAs were also found to be capable of silencing GAPDH in a dose-dependent manner.

To assess prevalence, a new GFR estimation equation is to be developed. In a longitudinal approach a population based, age stratified sample of 2,000 subjects a parts per thousand yen70 years will be randomly drawn from a data base of a large health insurance

company. Interview, physical examination, and preliminary estimation of GFR, based on serum creatinine will be performed. The entire cohort will be followed over the course of 2 years. In a cross-sectional approach a subsample of 600 subjects will be defined based on preliminary GFR values. Kidney function will be determined by measuring plasma clearance of an exogenous filtration marker (Iohexol). A new GFR-equation will be developed and validated using Iohexol clearance as gold standard to estimate GFR accurately CGP 41251 Tariquidar inhibitor and precisely. Data of 2,000 subjects will be used to estimate prevalence

of CKD.”
“Cigarette smoke contains numerous compounds that cause oxidative stress and alter gene expression in many tissues, and cigarette smoking is correlated with male infertility. To identify mechanisms by which this occurs, we evaluated expression of antioxidant genes in mouse spermatocytes in response to cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). CSC exposure led to oxidative stress and dose-dependent up-regulation of Hsp90aa1, Ahr, Arnt, Sod1, Sod2, and Cyp1a1 expression in a mouse spermatocyte cell line. An antagonist of the aryl SB273005 price hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) abrogated several CSC-mediated changes in mRNA and protein levels. Consistent with these results, spermatocytes isolated by laser-capture microdissection from CSC-treated mice showed increased expression of several antioxidant genes. In vivo exposure to CSC was genotoxic to spermatocytes, resulting in apoptosis and disruptions to the seminiferous tubules. Our in vivo and in vitro data indicate that CSC-mediated damage to murine spermatocytes is AHR-dependent and is mediated by oxidative stress. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Outcome in sepsis is mainly defined by the degree of organ failure, for which

endothelial dysfunction at the macro- and microvascular level is an important determinant. In this study we evaluated endothelial function in patients with severe sepsis using cellular endothelial markers and in vivo assessment of reactive hyperaemia.\n\nMaterials and Methods: Patients with severe sepsis (n = 30) and 15 age-and gender-matched healthy volunteers were included in this study. Using flow cytometry, CD34+/KDR+ endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), CD31+ T-cells, and CD31+/CD42b- endothelial microparticles (EMP) were enumerated. Migratory capacity of cultured circulating angiogenic cells (CAC) was assessed in vitro. Endothelial function was determined using peripheral arterial tonometry at the fingertip.

Differentially expressed proteins identified in this model may offer a Ruboxistaurin chemical structure useful starting point for elucidating novel aspects of the effects of mechanical force on skeletal tissue. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 600-611, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“Context: Multiple articles describe a constellation of language,

personality, and social-behavioral features present in relatives that mirror the symptom domains of autism, but are much milder in expression. Studies of this broad autism phenotype ( BAP) may provide a potentially important complementary approach for detecting the genes causing autism and defining associated neural circuitry by identifying more refined phenotypes that can be measured quantitatively in both affected and unaffected individuals and that are tied to functioning in particular regions of the brain.\n\nObjective: To gain insight into neuropsychological features that index genetic liability to autism.\n\nDesign: Case-control study.\n\nSetting: The general community.\n\nParticipants: Thirty-eight high-functioning individuals with autism and parents of autistic individuals, both with and without the BAP (n=83), as well as control individuals.\n\nMain Outcome Measures: A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tasks assessing

social cognition, executive function, and global vs local processing strategies ( central coherence).\n\nResults: Both individuals with autism and parents with the BAP differed from controls on measures of social cognition, with performance in the other 2 domains being more similar buy Belinostat to controls.\n\nConclusions: Data suggest that the social cognitive domain may be an important target for linking phenotype to cognitive process to brain structure

in autism and may ultimately provide insight into the genes involved in autism. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66(5):518-526″
“Problem-solving is an executive function subserved by a network of neural structures of which the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is central. Whereas several studies have selleckchem evaluated the role of the DLPFC in problem-solving, few standardized tasks have been developed specifically for use with functional neuroimaging. The current study adapted a measure with established validity for the assessment of problem-solving abilities to design a test more suitable for functional neuroimaging protocols. The Scarborough adaptation of the Tower of London (S-TOL) was administered to 38 healthy adults while hemodynamic oxygenation of the PFC was measured using 16-channel continuous-wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Compared to a baseline condition, problems that required two or three steps to achieve a goal configuration were associated with higher activation in the left DLPFC and deactivation in the medial PFC.

Key questions that need to be addressed include how this system assembles in the cell envelope and the mechanism by which it translocates effector proteins across two membranes, the identification of such effectors and their function, how this secretion system contributes to virulence, interbacterial interactions and/or adaptation to the environment, and the evolutionary relationship between T6SS machine and bacteriophage T4. Focused on how the proteins constituting the secretion system interact, we recently identified a sub-complex of the T6SS comprised of four cell envelope proteins: the inner membraneanchored TssL, TssM and TagL find more proteins and the outer membrane-associated

TssJ lipoprotein. We further demonstrated that the TagL subunit carries a specific domain allowing anchorage of the secretion system to the peptidoglycan (PG) layer. Herein, we discuss these results, examine whether PG-binding motifs are found within other T6SS subunits and express hypotheses

regarding the role of PG-binding motifs in type VI secretion.”
“Twenty hair (Pelibuey x Katadin x BlackBelly) and 20 wool (Rambouillet x Criollo) lambs were fattened in an intensive feeding system to reach 40kg body weight at ten months of age. The yield of lamb sides and back fat (51.9%, 2.5mm vs. 47.0%, 2.3mm) were greater in Cell Cycle inhibitor wool lambs. Meat pH was not different between phenotypes but meat temperature was higher during the first hours postmortem in wool lamb sides (27, 23, and 20, vs. 24, 20, and 17 degrees C). Protein content in meat from the neck (braquicephalic and esternocephalic muscles) and loin (Longissimus lumborum

muscle) were higher in hair lambs (21.1 and 20.4 vs. 19.7 and 19.3%), while moisture of the same muscles was higher in wool lambs (75.6 and 75.9 vs. 73.6 and 74.3%). Ash content was similar in both phenotypes, but palmitoleic acid was greater Selleck MI-503 in hair lambs (2.9 and 2.7 vs. 2.7 and 2.5%). In fresh meat, pH, meat toughness, and water activity (Wa) of loin did not differ; but water holding capacity (WHC) was higher in hair lambs, and the same response was observed for cooked meat toughness from the neck, and in raw and cooked meat from loin. There were differences in the colour of meat from the neck, having values for L*, b* and tonalities greater in wool lambs, and a* greater for hair lambs. Sensorial parameters were similar in both phenotypes.”
“In this paper, an implicitly implemented high order large eddy simulation by using the fifth order bandwidth-optimized WENO scheme is applied to make comprehensive studies on ramp flows with and without control at Mach 2.5 and Re-0 = 5760. Flow control in the form of microramp vortex generators (MVG) is applied. The mechanism of vortex ring generation behind MVG has been studied in detail and shear layer instability has been studied and found as the mechanism of K-H vortex ring generation.

“
“Most bacterial chromosomes contain homologs of plasmid partitioning (par) loci. These loci encode ATPases called ParA that are thought to contribute to the mechanical force required

for chromosome and plasmid Z-DEVD-FMK cost segregation. In Vibrio cholerae, the chromosome II (chrII) par locus is essential for chrII segregation. Here, we found that purified ParA2 had ATPase activities comparable to other ParA homologs, but, unlike many other ParA homologs, did not form high molecular weight complexes in the presence of ATP alone. Instead, formation of high molecular weight ParA2 polymers required DNA. Electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction revealed that ParA2 formed bipolar helical filaments on double-stranded DNA in a sequence-independent manner. These

filaments had a distinct change in selleck products pitch when ParA2 was polymerized in the presence of ATP versus in the absence of a nucleotide cofactor. Fitting a crystal structure of a ParA protein into our filament reconstruction showed how a dimer of ParA2 binds the DNA. The filaments formed with ATP are left-handed, but surprisingly these filaments exert no topological changes on the right-handed B-DNA to which they are bound. The stoichiometry of binding is one dimer for every eight base pairs, and this determines the geometry of the ParA2 filaments with 4.4 dimers per 120 angstrom pitch left-handed turn. Our findings will be critical for understanding how ParA proteins function in plasmid and chromosome segregation.”
“Our previous study has for the first time demonstrated that atopic dermatitis (AD) patients show enhanced plasma concentrations

of PF4 and beta-TG. In addition, it has been suggested that chemokines may be the markers of AD severity. The aim of this study was to determine whether enhanced platelet activation in active AD withdraws when the disease reaches A-1155463 price the clinical remission stage. Plasma PF-4 and beta-TG concentrations were studied in 10 AD patients and in 23 healthy controls. Patients were examined twice: first, during the active period, and next, during the clinical remission lasting for at least 6 months. Plasma PF-4 and beta-TG concentrations in patients upon AD remission were significantly lower as compared to active AD and did not differ significantly from the healthy subjects. Enhanced platelet activation is a transient phenomenon accompanying active AD and disappears during clinical remission. As with earlier data, the findings point to platelet activity in AD increasing during flare, falling following therapy and normalizing upon remission.”
“This study evaluated secondary caries and periodontal conditions associated with metal (MCs) and composite resin copings (RCs) of abutment teeth for overdentures. The rates of secondary caries and periodontal problems in 70 root copings (41 MCs, 29 RCs) in 35 patients were retrospectively investigated for a period of 6.9 years.

The procedure developed involves tagging 105 spurs on seven individual trees distributed appropriately in the orchard. A minimum of two measurements must be made, one 3 to 4 days after application and again 7 to 8 days after application. This model requires that fruit measurement should not start

before fruit grow to a diameter of 6 mm and individual fruit within a spur should be numbered and identified. The model is based on the assumption that if fruit growth rate of a particular click here fruit over the measurement period is less than 50% of the growth rate of the fastest growing fruit on the tree during the same growth period, it will abscise, whereas if fruit growth rate exceeds 50% of the growth rate of the fastest growing fruit, it will persist. All data can be entered into an Excel spreadsheet and the output in the summary page gives the predicted fruit set expressed as percentage of the total number of fruit present. The strategy for crop load adjustment with chemical thinners has evolved over the years

to a point where most orchardists plan and are prepared to make two or more thinner applications. The dilemma associated with this approach is to determine if additional thinner applications are necessary. Up to learn more this point a tool designed specifically to provide this information has not been developed.”
“The DIAGNOdent, a device used in caries detection, uses a laser to excite fluorescence from pigments in carious tooth structure. In clinical use assessing occlusal surfaces, distance and tooth structure may separate the instrument’s selleck chemicals llc tip from the fluorescent source. The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the effect of distance and tooth structure on laser fluorescence (LF) readings.\n\nIn one set of experiments, a porphyrin pigment in oil suspension was used as a LF signal source Thin slices of enamel and dentin were obtained from extracted molars. Pigment-induced LF readings were obtained when these slices were placed between the porphyrin pigment and the LF instrument’s tip. The effect of either demineralized or intact tooth tissue on pigment-induced LF readings was assessed. In other experiments on extracted molars with

small occlusal caries, LF readings were taken from pit/fissure sites before and after removal of the occlusal surface.\n\nLF readings are proportional to pigment concentration and inversely proportional to the distance between the suspension and the instrument’s tip Enamel, demineralized enamel, dentin, and demineralized dentin all caused significant reductions in LF signal, all readings being taken with the same tip-pigment distance. Demineralized enamel (white with intact surface) caused the most reduction. After sectioning of carious teeth, there was a significant increase in LF readings.\n\nThe results of this study indicate that distance and the presence of tooth structure between the carious lesion and the instrument’s tip reduce LF readings.

The present

study aimed to confirm the inhibition of AGE-induced angiogenesis in retinal endothelial cells PD0325901 manufacturer by DI-IV and to investigate the potential underlying mechanisms. The RF/6A rhesus macaque choroid-retinal vascular endothelial cell line was cultured in vitro and treated with AGEs in the presence or absence of different concentrations of DI-IV. The proliferation, migration and tube formation of the RF/6A cells were evaluated using MTS assays, in vitro wound healing assays and in vitro Matrigel angiogenesis assays, respectively. The mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor (VEGFR) 2, VEGFR 1 and receptor for AGE (RAGE) were quantified by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression of VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and the activation of protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were also assessed by western blot analysis. The results Selleckchem Fosbretabulin indicated that AGEs promoted the migration, proliferation and tube formation of RF/6A cells in vitro (P smaller than 0.05), increased the expression of VEGF, VEGFR-2 and RAGE (P smaller than 0.05) and increased the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK (P smaller than 0.05). DI-IV inhibited the increase in VEGFR-2 mRNA and protein, but did not inhibit the increase in VEGF or RAGE mRNAs. These

results led to the conclusion that DI-IV inhibited AGE-induced angiogenesis in the RF/6A cells, which was accompanied by a downregulation in the expression of VEGFR-2 and its downstream phosphatidylinosol 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK1/2 pathways. These findings provide further support towards the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy by interventions that act via a mechanism similar to that of DI-IV.”
“Gamunex (R)-C is a highly purified liquid 10% IgG preparation manufactured by a process that includes caprylate precipitation and incubation, and chromatography steps. In the original process, caprylate precipitation was followed by cloth filtration to remove impurities. The highly PD0332991 mouse porous cloth filter has since been replaced

with a tight depth filter. The impact of this process modification on pathogen reduction and product is presented.\n\nVirus and prion reduction was determined under set-point conditions using scaled-down models of the manufacturing process, and at or outside operating limits to determine robustness. Product protein compositions before and after the process modification were compared directly using manufacturing data.\n\nFiltration through a tight depth filter substantially increased nonenveloped virus reduction, and virus reduction was maintained even when a compromised depth filter was used. In addition, prion reduction was improved by about three logs. The product IgG content, purity, and IgG subclass distribution remained comparable to the original cloth filtration process.

In this study, we evaluated the outcome of surgical intervention for recurrent GCT.\n\nTwenty-seven

patients (14 males and 13 females) with recurrent GCT were recruited. Their primary GCTs were all treated with intralesional surgery. Among these recurrent GCTs, selleck compound 9 grade III and 1 grade II tumors were treated with en bloc resection and endoprosthetic replacement, whereas 16 grade II and 1 grade III tumors were treated with intralesional curettage and PMMA bone cement filling.\n\nThe mean interval between initial surgery and first recurrence was 28.8 months (range 7-97 months). About 70 % of first recurrences affected bones around the knee, 44 % in the proximal tibia and 26 % in the distal femur. Of 27 patients, 3 women

treated with intralesional procedures suffered second recurrences in the proximal tibia. No second recurrence was found in patients with en bloc resection. Two grade III re-recurrence GCTs were treated with en bloc resection, and 1 grade II was treated with an intralesional procedure. One patient with en bloc resection developed tumor metastasis in both lungs. Compared to patients with intralesional treatment, the functional score was significantly decreased selleck kinase inhibitor in patients with en bloc resection (p < 0.01).\n\nThe re-recurrence risk of grade III GCTs can be significantly decreased by wide en bloc resection and endoprosthetic replacement. However, intralesional treatment is a good option for less aggressive (< grade II) recurrent GCTs because it can preserve ideal limb function and reduce surgical complications.”
“The

aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of teeth with incomplete root development and intracanal reinforcement with adhesives materials. 50 human central and lateral incisors were instrumented and prepared to simulate an immature tooth and filled apically with MTA. MK-2206 The samples were divided into four experimental groups and one control group. Group 1: resin composite Filtek (TM) P90; Group 2: glass Ionomer Vitremer (TM); Group 3: resin composite Filtek (TM) Z350 XT; Group 4: glass Ionomer Ketac (TM) N 100; Group 5: negative control (instrumented but not reinforced). After, the fracture test was performed using a fracture universal testing machine (Instron (TM)). The maximum values of resistance before catastrophic fracture were collected and analyzed by Anova (p = 0.05). The results show a significant difference between the groups compared (p = 0.02). A significant difference was found between group 1 (847.73 N) and group 5 (474.77 N) (p = 0.02) applying the Bonferroni test. Despite the limitations of the study, the conclusion is that micro-hybrid composite resins are ideal materials to strengthen teeth with incomplete root development endodontically treated.