7 mmol m(-3)) constant with variable concentration of different carbon sources (succinate, butyrate, malate and acetate). The bacteria produced maximum

hydrogen using malic acid at a concentration of 4 g m(-3) as source of carbon, i.e. 2755 +/- 32 cm(3) m (3) with 68.3% conversion efficiency followed by succinate (1980 +/- 25 cm(3) m (3) with 58% conversion), butyrate (1400 +/- 12 cm(3) m (3) with 14.1% conversion) and acetate (650 +/- 12 cm(3) m (3) with 23.2% conversion). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective. To assess junior faculty members’ perceptions regarding the impact of past faculty-mentoring relationships in their career decisions, including the decision to pursue postgraduate training and ultimately an academic career.\n\nMethods. selleck Caspase inhibition A mixed-mode survey instrument was developed and an invitation to participate in the survey was sent to 2,634 pharmacy faculty members designated as assistant professors in the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) directory data.\n\nResults. Usable responses were received

from 1,059 pharmacy faculty members. Approximately 59% of respondents indicated that they had received encouragement from 1 or more faculty mentors that was very or extremely influential in their decision to pursue postgraduate training. Mentor and mentee pharmacy training characteristics and postgraduate training paths tended to be similar. US pharmacy degree earners rated the likelihood that they would have pursued an academic career QNZ datasheet without mentor encouragement significantly lower than did their foreign pharmacy and nonpharmacy degree colleagues (p = 0.006, p = 0.021, respectively).\n\nConclusions. For the majority of junior pharmacy faculty members, faculty mentoring received prior to completing

their doctor of pharmacy degree or nonpharmacy undergraduate degree influenced their subsequent career decisions.”
“Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) have been reported as either nocturnal or diurnal in various studies, but have not been known to switch between the 2 times unless disturbed by humans. Black bears (Ursus americanus) are almost solely diurnal in studies unless human influences occur. Because human disturbance is often difficult to control, the relative temporal niche of both species remains ill-defined. Thus, the present study examined bears in Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming) where hunting does not occur, human activities are relatively benign, and bear species are sympatic to determine if niche occupancy was a stable feature of the species. Onset of activity was anticipatory of both sunrise or morning civil twilight (illumination sufficient for human vision) for individuals of either species. The peak hour of activity in black bears was consistently midday, but fluctuated in grizzly bears from midday during early spring, late summer, and fall to evening during late spring and early summer.