9, 10 and 11 To the best of our knowledge this is the first such paediatric case report. In our case there was symptomatic benefit with some objective improvement in lung function but ultimately reaccumulation of some pleural fluid a year in to therapy. Admittedly, there is also no way of knowing the relative contributions made by the institution of prophylactic co-trimoxazole or a low-fat diet. Roehr et al. published a systematic review identifying 35 children in the medical literature HTS assay treated with somatostatin or octreotide for chylothorax.12 The cases identified were mainly post-operative with none associated

with Generalised Lymphatic Dysplasia. A positive treatment effect was reported in the majority. Importantly, a number of side effects were noted. Aside from minor effects such as transient hyperglycaemia and cutaneous flushing, particular care is advised in children who are vulnerable to vascular insults and cases of strangulation-ileus in a child with asplenia and necrotizing enterocolitis in a neonate with coarctation of the aorta were

cited.12 In conclusion, somatostatin analogues represent a potentially useful treatment modality in http://www.selleckchem.com/products/BIBF1120.html children with chylothorax associated with GLD and warrant consideration in cases refractory to other management. Repeated thoracocentesis of chylothoraces may lead to problems with nutrition and presents major practical issues in children who may require PIK-5 general anaeasthesia for the procedure.4 Further studies are required to establish an evidence base for the efficacy and safety of somatostatin analogues; although

the rarity of this group of conditions makes it unlikely that a formal randomised controlled trial will be feasible.12 and 13 All authors confirm that they have no relevant conflicts of interest relating to the above manuscript. We are grateful to Dr Tony de Soyza, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK for information on the current management of the patient. “
“A 76-year old male with a three-year history of Myelodysplasia presented with symptoms and signs of right upper lobe pneumonia. Initial investigations revealed neutropenia (neutrophil count 1.0) for which he was commenced on Clarithromycin, Tazocin and Gentamicin. Blood and sputum cultures for bacteria including acid-fast bacilli and urinary antigen for Legionella were negative. A chest x-ray confirmed right upper lobar pneumonia with a bulging horizontal fissure (Fig. 1). On going high-grade pyrexia and haemoptysis prompted a change of antibiotic regime to include antifungal agents after repeat sputum cultures grew Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Candida melibiosica. A contrast enhanced CT chest was performed to investigate the cause of haemoptysis. This demonstrated right upper lobe pneumonia as well as a large pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm ( Fig. 2).