Above research showed that 60% methanol extracts and ethylacetate fractions from chestnut inner skin resulted in a dose-dependent manner on selleck compound in vitro antioxidant effects. Especially, the ethylacetate fractions inhibited enzyme activity of mushroom tyrosinases with an IC50 value of 160 mu g/mL. Ethylacetate fractions from chestnut inner skin also decreased cellular melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. Expression of tyrosinase showed that ethylacetate fractions from chestnut inner skin significantly decreased cellular melanogenesis. Consequently, these results suggest that chestnut inner skin extracts can be considered for a whitening

agent of human skin.”
“We investigate the transmission characteristics of metallic film perforated with a two-dimensional array of compound coaxial structures with central and annular apertures by using a charge oscillation picture. It is found that the transmission peak mainly resulted from the resonance of the central apertures (annular apertures) in such structure exhibits changes in position and intensity in comparison

with that in the corresponding structure of aperture array (annular-aperture find more array) due to the effect of the oscillating charges appearing near the annular apertures (central apertures) on the transmission peak. The transmission peak corresponding to the resonance of the central apertures (annular apertures) can be tuned by changing not only the geometrical parameters of the central apertures (annular apertures) but also the sizes of the annular apertures (central apertures). Our results may be utilized to control the electromagnetic wave in subwavelength MDV3100 concentration optics.”
“P>Solid organ transplanted patients represent a complex and multi-morbid population with potential acute illness. They are at high risk not only for chronic renal failure

(CRF), but also for acute kidney injury (AKI) and little is known about the overall epidemiology or prognosis. We conducted a retrospective review of all solid organ transplant patients who required emergency renal replacement therapy (RRT) for AKI during a period of 7.5 years. We identified 53 episodes of AKI requiring RRT occurring in 51 transplanted patients, and 58.5% of them were freshly (< 48 h) transplanted when admitted in ICU. The majority of episodes were a result of cardio-circulatory or septic events (84%), and a large proportion of the AKI episodes were a result of multifactorial causes (27%). Overall 90 days mortality was 49%, and no difference was detected between kidney and nonkidney transplants. On univariate analysis, the risk factors for death were smoking status [OR = 4.09 (CI 95%: 1.16-14.43); P = 0.028] and sepsis [OR = 4.