Conclusions: Assessment of hearing after newborn screening should not be restricted to objective tests before 5 months. It should also include bone- and air-conduction behavioral tests adjusted to developmental stage and performed in presence of parents. (C) 2011
Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Endovenous laser treatment (ELT) has been proposed as an alternative in the treatment of reflux GSK2879552 nmr of the great saphenous vein. Before the procedure, peri-saphenous subcutaneous tumescent saline solution infiltration is usually performed. However, diffusion of this tumescent fluid is rapidly observed and can potentially reduce the efficacy as a heat sink. External skin cooling with cold air was proposed as an alternative solution. The objective of this study is to compare endovenous laser treatment without and with air cooling by realistic numerical simulations. An optical-thermal damage model find more was formulated and implemented using finite element modeling. The general model simulated light distribution using the diffusion approximation of the transport theory, temperature rise using the bioheat equation, and laser-induced injury using the Arrhenius damage model. Parameters, used in clinical procedures, were considered: power, 15 W; pulse duration,
1 s; fiber pull back, 3-mm increments every second; cold air applied in continuous mode during ELT; and no tumescent anesthesia. Simulations were performed for vein locations at 5, 10, and 15 mm in depth, with and without air cooling. For a vein located at 15 mm in depth, no significant difference was observed with and without cooling. For a vein located at 10 mm in depth, surface temperature increase up to 45 A degrees C is observed without cooling. For a vein located at 5 mm, without cooling, temperature increase leads to irreversible damage of dermis and epidermis. Conversely, with air cooling, surface temperature reaches a maximum of 38 A degrees C in accordance with recordings performed on patients. ELT of the incompetent great saphenous vein with external air cooling system is a promising therapy
technique. Use of cold air on the skin continuously flowing in the area of laser shot decreased significantly the heat extent and the thermal damage in the perivenous tissues and the skin.”
“In this BIBF 1120 purchase work, two different perennial tree species were studied as triacylglyceride sources for producing biofuels. These species grow wild in the Amazon and along the Brazilian coast and may be a good solution for oil production that does not rely on food sources or fossil fuels while encouraging preservation of the rain forest and seashore vegetation. Consequently, we studied the oils obtained from Terminalia catappa L. (TC) and Carapa guianensis (CG) to evaluate their characteristics and chemical composition. Furthermore, we produced biofuels from these oils and analyzed their physical-chemical properties.