If this procedure revealed adjacent voxels fulfilling this condition they http://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD6244.html were considered

for the analysis of the percentage signal change. For further quantitative analysis the newly defined ROIs based at the group-level results were then used to determine the amount of signal change for the four different search and control conditions in every session and subject. Every eye-centred ROI contained at least 7 voxels. The signal change analysis was carried out using routines provided by the software package MarsBar. The onset of the search array was defined as the onset of the analysis. The covert search related signal change was defined by taking the difference between the search-related signal and its matched control condition. By normalizing the height of the search signal by the matched Selleckchem AG-14699 control condition [Search(i) (normalized) = Search(i) – Control(i)], we controlled for the different visual and oculomotor components in the signal. Later we applied one-way anovas on the normalized signal change for covert search to verify that there is a significant difference across conditions. When the anova was positive we tested whether there was a difference between the eye-centred contralateral and ipsilateral conditions. Because these post hoc comparisons involved four t-tests, we corrected the P-value for multiple comparisons by the Bonferroni–Holm method. We also tried

to identify areas coding covert search to the contralateral space in head- or non-eye-centred FORs. We applied the same procedure mentioned above, but now examined for every hemisphere the overlap of non-eye-centred contralateral conditions excluding those voxels being activated for the non-eye-centred ipsilateral conditions. This procedure did not reveal any voxels responding preferentially to non-eye-centred contralateral shifts of attention during covert search. Further, the early and later visual regions, anterior insula

and the supplementary eye field (SEF) were identified by the contrast [sR(fC), sL(fC), sL(fR), sR(fL)] > [‘all control conditions’]. These clusters were used as ROIs, in order to assess the effect of the search conditions on the BOLD response in these regions. The 17-DMAG (Alvespimycin) HCl size of these ROIs ranged from 456 mm³ to 4840 mm³. For each ROI the mean of the percentage signal change was calculated, averaged across voxels and across repetitions of blocks, for each subject. The covert search-related signal change was defined by taking the difference between the search-related signal and its matched control condition. Student’s t-tests were used to compare the signal change between the four search conditions. To ensure that subjects were fixating properly and to detect the target of the indicative saccade, we monitored and recorded the position of the right eye of 13 subjects during the scanning sessions, using an infrared camera (SMI iViewX MRI-LR spatial resolution ≤ 0.15°, at 60 Hz).