In order to induce spermatogenesis, HH patients are treated with commercially available gonadotrophins. As far as is known, quality and genetic integrity of induced
sperm cells have never been investigated, although they represent an important issue, since the ultimate goal MAPK Inhibitor Library manufacturer of this treatment is to have competent spermatozoa in order to achieve paternity. In order to evaluate the nuclear integrity of induced sperm cells, sperm samples from treated HH patients were compared with sperm samples from normospermic control donors. Sperm cells were analysed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization, using probes specific for chromosomes 13, 21, 18, X and Y, and by TdT (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase)-mediated dUDP nick-end labelling assay. Results showed that the rate of aneuploid and diploid sperm cells in patients was not statistically different from controls and that the rate of sperm cells with fragmented DNA was within the normal
values. Spermatozoa obtained by gonadotrophin treatment in HH patients are likely to have a balanced chromosomal content and a normal DNA integrity but this conclusion needs to be confirmed by further studies dealing with a greater number of patients. (C) 2010, Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. see more Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective. The course of non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (BC) staged T1G3 is hardly predictable and treatment is subject of intensive debate. In muscle-invasive BC, the infiltrative growth pattern at the tumour invasion front was able to predict patients’ survival, in contrast to the nodular and trabecular growth pattern. The aim of this study was to evaluate this aspect in a series of primary T1G3 BC. Material and methods. The clinical and histopathological characteristics of patients with initial T1G3 BC treated between 1990 and 2007 at a single institute were retrospectively analysed. After independent blinded reassessment by two uropathologists, 205 patients were included Vadimezan molecular weight in the study. The mean follow-up period was 6.7 years (range 0.4-13.2 years).
All patients underwent transurethral resection of the bladder and opted for either initial cystectomy (19%) or repeat resection followed by adjuvant Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation therapy (81%). In total, 34% of patients were cystectomied. Results. The most common invasion subtype was nodular (43.9%), followed by infiltrative (42.0%) and trabecular (14.1%) growth patterns. Progression and recurrence-free survival did not differ. However, cancer-specific survival rate was statistically significantly worse in infiltrative (59.3%) than in nodular (91.1%) and trabecular (86.2%) subtypes. These results were detected in the patient subgroups with initial radical cystectomy (p0.01) and a primary bladder-sparing approach (p=0.02).