In vitro sensitivity of P. vivax isolates was evaluated by schizont maturation inhibition assay.
Results: All patients showed satisfactory response to treatment. The cure rate was virtually 100% within the follow-up period of 42 days. Neither recurrence of P. vivax parasitaemia nor appearance of P. falciparum occurred during the investigation period. In vitro data showed a stable sensitivity of chloroquine
in this area since 2006. Geometric mean and median (95% CI) values of IC50 for chloroquine Dibutyryl-cAMP were 100.1 and 134.7 (1.1-264.9) nM, respectively.
Conclusion: In vivo results suggest that the standard regimen of chloroquine was still very effective for the treatment of blood infections with P. vivax in the Thai-Myanmar border area. In vitro sensitivity data however, raise the possibility of potential advent of resistance in the future. Regular monitoring of the chloroquine sensitivity of P. vivax is essential to facilitate the early recognition of treatment failures and to expedite the formulation of appropriate changes to the drug policy.”
“BACKGROUND: Induction therapy with Ruboxistaurin chemical structure antithymocyte globulin (ATG) after heart transplantation (HTx) has never been assessed in a placebo-controlled randomized trial. We investigated trends in use
of ATG and its relationship to outcome after HTx in a national cohort.
METHODS: Between July 1995 and March 2008, 2,151 adult HTxs were performed. Patients given
OKT3 or an interleukin-2 receptor antagonist, repeat transplants, heterotopic, and multi-organ transplants were excluded, leaving 2,086 HTx for analysis. Of these, 1,143 (55%) received induction with ATG.
RESULTS: The proportion of patients given ATG increased from 26% in June 1995 to 75% in August 2007 (p < 0.01). The age and gender distributions P005091 of recipients and donors were similar in the ATG and non-ATG groups. Survival to 10 years was similar: 56.2% in the non-ATG group vs 55.9% in the ATG group (p = 0.95). The number of treated rejection episodes in the first year was lower in the ATG group (incidence rate ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-0.85, p < 0.01), but the number of infective episodes was higher (incidence rate ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.00-1.39, p = 0.048), and these differences remained after risk adjustment, with an adjusted incidence rate ratio of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.75-0.95, p < 0.01) and 1.21 (95% CI, 1.02-1.44; p = 0.027). Deaths due to infective causes were higher in the ATG group (p = 0.03).
CONCLUSION: There has been a trend towards an increased use of induction therapy. There was no change in overall survival, but ATG induction was associated with a decreased incidence of rejection and an increase in infection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011;30:770-7 (C) 2011 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. All rights reserved.