\n\nInfusion of low to moderate doses of vasopressin in patients with norepinephrine-dependent vasodilatory shock after cardiac surgery induces an intestinal and gastric mucosal vasoconstriction.”
“The development of gene-targeting technologies has enabled research with immune system-related knockout mouse strains to advance our understanding SB273005 of how cytokines and their receptors interact and influence a number of body systems, including the central nervous system (CNS). A critical issue when we are interpreting
phenotypic data from these knockout strains is the potential role of genes other than the targeted one. Although many of the knockout strains have been made congenic on a C57BL/6 (B6) genetic background, there remains a certain amount of genetic material from the 129 substrain that was used in the development of these strains. This genetic material could result in phenotypes incorrectly attributed to the targeted gene. We recently reported low-activity behavior in
Il10(-/-) mice that was linked to PXD101 cell line this genetic material rather than the targeted gene itself. In the current study we confirm the generalizability of those earlier findings, by assessing behavior in Il18(-/-) and Il18r1(-/-) knockout mice. We identified low activity and high anxiety-like behaviors in Il18r1(-/-) mice, whereas Il18(-/-) mice displayed little anxiety-like behavior. Although Il18r1(-/-) mice are considered a congenic strain, we have identified substantial regions of 129P2-derived genetic material not only flanking the ablated Il18r1 on Chromosome 1, but also on Chromosomes 4, 5,8, 10, and 14. Our studies suggest that residual 129-derived gene(s), rather than URMC-099 order the targeted Il18r1 gene, is/are responsible for the low level of activity seen in the Il18r1(-/-) mice. Mapping studies are necessary to identify the gene or genes contributing to the low-activity phenotype. (C) 2010 Elsevier
Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Amending soil with organic matter is common in agricultural and logging practices. Such amendments have benefits to soil fertility and crop yields. These benefits may be increased if material is preprocessed before introduction into soil. We analyzed the efficiency of microaerobic fermentation (MF), also referred to as Bokashi, in preprocessing fibrous lignocellulosic (FLC) organic materials using varying produce amendments and leachate treatments. Adding produce amendments increased leachate production and fermentation rates and decreased the biological oxygen demand of the leachate. Continuously draining leachate without returning it to the fermentors led to acidification and decreased concentrations of polysaccharides (PS) in leachates. PS fragmentation and the production of soluble metabolites and gases stabilized in fermentors in about 2-4 weeks.