Next, we examined the relationship between CAC and carotid lesion presence and FT among HIV-infected

participants using similar logistic regression models. In addition to the covariates mentioned above for the models including all participants, we adjusted for HIV clinical status and treatment parameters, including CD4 count >200 cells/μL, viral load >400 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, and antiretroviral therapy status. Finally, we examined the relationship between IMT and FT among HIV-infected participants using a linear regression model adjusted for all factors mentioned above. Analyses were conducted using sas version 9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC), and a two-sided P-value http://www.selleckchem.com/products/epacadostat-incb024360.html of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Table 1 presents the distribution of relevant demographic and clinical characteristics according to HIV status. The HIV-infected men (n = 534) were younger and had lower BMI than the HIV-uninfected men. The HIV-infected men were more likely to belong Thiazovivin purchase to a race other than White and more likely to have hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection than the HIV-uninfected men. The mean LDL and HDL cholesterol values were higher in the HIV-uninfected group. Log HOMA-IR was higher in the HIV-infected men (P < 0.0001). In our sample, adjusted mean log FT was lower in HIV-infected men than in HIV-uninfected

men, with values being 4.49 and 4.62, respectively (P = 0.0004), corresponding to FTs of 88.7 and 101.7 ng/dL, respectively. FT was higher in HIV-uninfected individuals and decreased with age. The FT in an HIV-infected man was equivalent to the FT in an HIV-uninfected man 13 years older [β for HIV-infected vs. uninfected status: −0.13 (P < 0.001); β for age: −0.01 (P < 0.0001)]. The overall prevalence of CAC in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected participants

was 32.5%. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of CAC presence was 1.44 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92, 2.24] and the adjusted OR for carotid lesion presence was 1.69 (95% CI 1.06, 2.71) in HIV-infected men compared with HIV-uninfected men. There was no difference in the adjusted mean log carotid IMT between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men (Table 2). Table 2 shows the adjusted associations between log FT and CAC presence, carotid IMT, and carotid lesion presence in all study Elongation factor 2 kinase participants. In this analysis, FT was not associated with CAC presence, IMT, or carotid lesion presence. HIV-infected status was not associated with CAC presence or carotid IMT but was associated with carotid lesion presence (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.06, 2.71). The ORs of CAC presence and carotid lesion presence for HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected men were similar, although only the OR of carotid lesion presence achieved statistical significance. Increasing age was positively associated with all three outcomes, and smoking was positively associated with CAC presence and carotid lesion presence. Elevated LDL cholesterol was positively associated with CAC presence in adjusted analysis.