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“The objective of this study was to evaluate flood risk area for the Orontes river basin in Turkey, using the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) within the Geographic Information Systems. Flood risk areas were evaluated using rainfall, slope, elevations, size of sub-watersheds and soil types. These factors were chosen as the most influential factors for generating the flood risk map. MCDA was performed by adding the weighted flood rankings of all the causative factors, according to their relative importance to each other and to their expected importance in causing floods. ILWIS, GIS software was used for spatial analyses and MCDA. Estimated risk map for the Orontes river basin obtained

by adding the weighted flood rankings of all factors classified in five categories. producing risk levels of non-flood, low, moderate, high, PF-03084014 order and very high. It was found that non-flood accounted for 1252.2 km(2) (15.7%) of the total. low for 1032.3 km(2) (13%), moderate for 1596 km(2) (20%), high for 2607.4 km(2) (32.8%) and very high flood risk area for 1471.4 km(2) (18.5%). The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Turkey mapped the flood area for the Orontes river basin from S63845 field measurement and their observations were compared with a generated flood risk map. The comparison showed satisfactory results because observed flood area was determined to be in very high flood risk region in the

flood risk map. Thus, flood risk area identification using MCDA is possibly suitable for flood planning and management.”
“Background Fever, hyperglycemia, and swallow dysfunction poststroke are associated with significantly worse outcomes. We report treatment and monitoring practices for these three items from a cohort of acute stroke patients prior to randomization in the Quality in

Acute Stroke Care trial.\n\nMethod Retrospective selleck medical record audits were undertaken for prospective patients from 19 stroke units. For the first three-days following stroke, we recorded all temperature readings and administration of paracetamol for fever (375 degrees C) and all glucose readings and administration of insulin for hyperglycemia (>11mmol/L). We also recorded swallow screening and assessment during the first 24h of admission.\n\nResults Data for 718 (98%) patients were available; 138 (19%) had four hourly or more temperature readings and 204 patients (29%) had a fever, with 44 (22%) receiving paracetamol. A quarter of patients (n=102/412, 25%) had six hourly or more glucose readings and 23% (95/412) had hyperglycemia, with 31% (29/95) of these treated with insulin. The majority of patients received a swallow assessment (n=562, 78%) by a speech pathologist in the first instance rather than a swallow screen by a nonspeech pathologist (n=156, 22%). Of those who passed a screen (n=108 of 156, 69%), 68% (n=73) were reassessed by a speech pathologist and 97% (n=71) were reconfirmed to be able to swallow safely.