The underlying causes leading to weight regain are multi-factorial and related to patient- and procedure-specific factors. Addressing post-surgical weight regain requires a systematic approach to patient assessment focusing on contributory dietary, psychologic,
medical and surgical factors.”
“Purpose of review
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are potential Caspase-dependent apoptosis therapeutic tools in averting transplant rejection and promoting lifelong tolerance. However, Tregs can be subverted by inflammatory conditions, resulting in a T helper 17 (Th17) cell response. This review looks at the relationship between Tregs and Th17 cells.
Recent findings
Both naturally occurring and transforming growth factor-beta-induced Tregs can be converted into Th17 cells in the presence of inflammatory cytokines. Transforming growth factor-beta upregulates
the Treg transcription factor, forkhead box P3, as well as the Th17 transcription factor, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma. However, forkhead box P3 binds to retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma, inhibiting its promotion of IL-17 gene transcription. Inflammatory cytokines can disrupt this interaction through the inhibition of forkhead box P3 expression by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.
Summary
The plasticity of the Treg population during inflammation presents a challenge to the use of Tregs as a therapeutic tool in solid organ transplantation. Investigations into the Th17-Treg axis have identified a number of https://www.selleckchem.com/products/kpt-8602.html potential pharmacological targets to NSC 617989 HCl avoid the risk of conversion to Th17 cells, but further work must be done before we can separate the benefits of Treg therapy from the hazards of the Th17 response.”
“Immunosuppressive therapy in pediatrics continues to evolve. Over the past decade, newer immunosuppressive agents have been introduced into adult and pediatric transplant patients with the goal of improving patient and allograft survival. Unfortunately, large-scale randomized clinical trials are not commonly performed in children. The purpose of this review is to discuss the newer immunosuppressive
agents available for induction therapy, maintenance immunosuppression, and the treatment of rejection.”
“Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banded plication (LAGBP) is a new restrictive bariatric procedure combining adjustable banding and greater curvature plication of the stomach. This study aimed to report the evolution of this surgical technique and analyze the surgical results.
Eighty patients who underwent LAGBP were enrolled in this study. The band-first technique was used in 50 patients from May 2009 to June 2011 and was then changed to the plication-first technique from July 2011 to October 2011. Patients’ demographics and pre- and postoperative data, including complications and weight loss, were collected and analyzed.