Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of pre- and post-RT supplementation with MIPS on anabolic hormones, body composition, muscle strength, and power in resistance-trained men participating in a six-week periodized RT program. We hypothesized that pre- and post-exercise intake of MIPS during a six-week RT program would increase the concentrations of anabolic hormones and enhance gains

in muscle mass, strength, and power more than PLA in resistance-trained men. Methods Participants Twenty-four resistance-trained (mean ± SE, 5.3 ± 3.5 years of resistance-training for at least twice per week) male participants (age, 24.0 ± 0.9 years; height, 180.5 ± 5.8 cm; body mass, 83.7 ± 0.5 kg; body mass index, AZD6738 chemical structure CDK inhibitor BMI, 25.5 ± 2.2 kg/m2) completed this study. Participants were nonsmokers and did not have hypertension (blood pressure >140/90), uncontrolled

cholesterol/blood lipid levels or take prescription cholesterol medication. They also did not have diagnosed cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, thyroid or kidney dysfunction, or have any musculoskeletal complications that would impede them from performing RT. Individuals who were currently consuming other workout supplements or ergogenic aids were instructed to immediately stop consumption and complete a four-week washout period before entering the study. Individuals consuming anabolic steroids were excluded. All procedures involving human subjects were approved by the Florida State University Human Subjects Institutional Review Board in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration, and written informed consent was obtained prior to participation. Experimental design This study used a stratified, randomized, longitudinal, 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase double-blind design with placebo control. Following the initial collection of pre-testing data and before the start of training, participants were placed into MIPS (n = 13) or placebo (PLA, n = 11) groups. Stratification was based on the ratio of initial maximal voluntary contraction

(MVC, isometric 60° knee extension) to LM. Following pre-testing data collection, participants began a periodized six-week resistance training program under direct supervision of research personnel. Participants consumed one 21 g serving of NO-Shotgun® (SHOT; ~72 kcals; 18 g protein; 9.7 g protein hydrolysate matrix including BCAAs; 8.06 g muscle volumizing and power/speed/strength matrix that includes multiple forms of creatine and beta alanine; 376 mg of Redline®energy matrix including caffeine; Vital Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Davie, FL) or isocaloric maltodextrin PLA 15 minutes prior to exercise. Upon the conclusion of each training session, participants immediately consumed one 21 g serving of NO-Synthesize® (SYNTH; ~82 kcals; 20 g protein; 9.7 g protein hydrolysate matrix including BCAAs; 9.