These targeting capabilities of nanocarriers have overcome many of the anatomical learn more and physiological barriers and deliver the drugs locally at the HIV-infected sites thereby improving the HIV therapy.3 Even if not providing a way to cure HIV/AIDS, the ability of a nanotechnology based systems improve drug therapy in infected patients as

demonstrated by in vitro and animal in vivo studies. Ongoing efforts are being made to develop polymeric nanocarriers capable of delivering active molecules specifically to the intended target organ. 4 The pharmacokinetic profile of various therapeutic classes of antiretroviral drugs (ARV’s) can be modifying through their incorporation into nanodelivery systems. There are 7 classes of FDA-approved antiretroviral agents (ARV) and more than 25 individual drugs.5 Majority of the ARV drugs are marketed as conventional dosage forms such as tablets, capsules and suspensions are not able to deliver the drug to brain due to the nature of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). It contains some significant drawbacks like short half-life, low bioavailability, poor permeability and undesirable side effects.6 Selleck Ipatasertib Didanosine was the second drug approved by the US FDA for the treatment of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

in 1991. It has chosen as a model drug and which act as chain terminators to HIV reverse transcriptase. The most serious adverse events associated with didanosine treatment have been peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, lactic acidosis7 and also have poor gastrointestinal tolerability, undergoes hepatic first pass metabolism, low oral bioavailability (35–40%), short biological half-life (30 min – 4 h), low plasma protein binding and narrow therapeutic index. These problems can be overcome by formulating nanoparticles for sustained or prolonged and targeted drug delivery. Hence considering

the importance of treating HIV, an attempt was made to prepare didanosine loaded albumin nanoparticles in a particular range which is suitable for the drug delivery system that will increase bioavailability, dosing frequency and also allow sustained drug delivery. The effect of manufacturing too conditions such as pH, BSA concentration and agitation speed was also extensively investigated. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (fraction V, with purity of 98%) was purchased from Himedia laboratories Ltd. (Mumbai, India). Didanosine (ddi) was received as a gift sample from the Strides Arcolabs Ltd. (Bangalore, India). Mannitol, polysorbate 80, sodium hydroxide and glutaraldehyde and all other chemicals were commercially supplied by Sigma Aldrich. Albumin nanoparticles were prepared by a desolvation method.8 Different ratio of BSA powder (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% & 3%) was dissolved in distilled water; subsequently, pH was adjusted to 8 by 0.