This double-blind trial included men aged over 40 years with frequency, urgency, and at least moderate problems reported on the Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC), despite being on a stable dose of alpha-blocker for more than 1 month. Subjects were randomized to tolterodine ER 4 mg per day or placebo for 12-week treatment with their prescribed alpha-blocker. At baseline and week DAPT purchase 12, subjects completed the PPBC, IPSS, Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB-q), and 5-day bladder

diaries using the five-point Urinary Sensation Scale (USS). Frequency–urgency sum was defined as the sum of USS ratings for all micturitions. PPBC improvement was reported by 63.6 and 61.6% of subjects receiving tolterodine ER plus alpha-blocker and placebo plus alpha-blocker, respectively; this treatment difference, which was the primary endpoint, was not statistically significant. At week 12, subjects receiving tolterodine ER plus alpha-blocker had significantly greater improvements in 24 h micturitions, daytime micturitions, Erastin in vitro 24-h urgency episodes, daytime urgency episodes, nocturnal urgency episodes, frequency–urgency sum, IPSS storage subscale, OAB-q symptom bother scale and coping domain. AUR occurred in less than 1% of either group. There

were no clinically meaningful changes in PVR or Qmax. The authors concluded that men with bothersome OAB symptoms despite continued alpha-blocker therapy showed significantly greater improvements when receiving additional tolterodine ER. However, the study had some limitations. It lacked a true no-treatment group. Moreover, the use of bladder diaries may have led to behavioral modification due to increased awareness Selleckchem Regorafenib of symptoms. The authors could not assess whether treatment response was influenced by prostate size because the size was not measured. In addition, the duration of this trial was limited to 12 weeks. A long-term result needs to be studied. Kaplan et al.24 conducted a 12-week, double-blind, placebo controlled trial assessing the safety and tolerability of solifenacin (5 mg once daily)

plus tamsulosin (0.4 mg once daily) in men with residual OAB symptoms after tamsulosin monotherapy (VICTOR study). A total of 398 men aged 45 years or older were randomized. The study population had eight or more micturitions per 24 h and one or more urgency episode per 24 h after taking tamsulosin for 4 or more weeks, a total IPSS of 13 or greater, a PPBC score of 3 or greater, a PVR of 200 mL or less and a Qmax of 5 mL per sec or greater. The primary efficacy endpoint was mean change from baseline to week 12 in micturitions per 24 h. Secondary measures included mean change in urgency episodes per 24 h, and changes in PPBC, UPS and total IPSS. The most frequent adverse events in the solifenacin plus tamsulosin and placebo plus tamsulosin groups were dry mouth (7% vs 3%) and dizziness (3% vs 2%).