Thus, the results of this study suggest that the production of immunogenic proteins during infection periods improves the diagnosis and discovery of vaccine candidates. “
“The aim of this research was to identify bacterial isolates having the potential to improve intestinal barrier function. Lactobacillus plantarum strains and human oral isolates were screened for their ability to enhance tight junction integrity as measured by the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay. Eight commercially used probiotics were compared to determine which

had the greatest positive effect on TEER, and the best-performing probiotic strain, Lactobacillus ABT 199 rhamnosus HN001, was used as a benchmark to evaluate the isolates. One isolate, L. plantarum DSM 2648, was selected for further study because it increased TEER 135% more than VX-809 cost L. rhamnosus HN001. The ability of L. plantarum DSM 2648 to tolerate gastrointestinal conditions and adhere to intestinal cells was determined, and L. plantarum DSM 2648 performed better than L. rhamnosus HN001 in all the assays. Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 2648 was able to reduce the negative effect of Escherichia coli [enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)] O127:H6 (E2348/69) on TEER and adherence by as much as 98.75%

and 80.18%, respectively, during simultaneous or prior coculture compared with EPEC incubation alone. As yet, the precise mechanism associated with the positive effects exerted by L. plantarum DSM 2648 are unknown, and may influence its use to improve human health and wellness. Probiotics are defined as ‘live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit onto the host’ (Guarner & Schaafsma, 1998). Most probiotics

belong to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and are often selected for their ability to grow in dairy products, survive gastrointestinal conditions and adhere to intestinal epithelial cells (Dunne et Cobimetinib concentration al., 2001; Delgado et al., 2008). Although these properties are important to the delivery of viable probiotics to the site of action, greater emphasis should be placed on selecting probiotics based on their specific health benefits to target particular consumer groups or health ailments (Gueimonde & Salminen, 2006). Probiotics can have a number of different mechanisms by which they are proposed to improve health, such as inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, improving epithelial and mucosal barrier function and altering the host’s immune response. Despite the known association between impaired intestinal barrier function, gastrointestinal disorders (Barbara, 2006; Bruewer et al., 2006; Guttman et al., 2006) and illnesses in other parts of the body (Liu et al., 2005; Maes, 2008; Maes & Leunis, 2008; Sandek et al., 2008; Vaarala et al., 2008), few studies have focused on selecting probiotics based on their ability to enhance intestinal barrier function.