V. All rights reserved.”
“Objectives: To assess secular changes in physical fitness (PF), moderate-to-vigorous-physical activity (MVPA) and TV-viewing in 1st-grade children from Crete, Greece.\n\nDesign: Cross-sectional
cohorts examined in academic years 1992/93 and 2006/07.\n\nMethods: Two representative samples of children, aged 5.9-7.8 years, were studied during 1992/93 (N = 606) and 2006/07 (N = 361). PF (sit-and-reach, standing-broad-jump, sit-ups and 20 m-shuttle-run-test) was assessed by the European-PF test battery and MVPA by a physical activity (PA) questionnaire. Data on the frequency of TV-viewing was also collected.\n\nResults: Between 1992/93 and 2006/07, there was a significant this website increase in all fitness tests in both genders (P < 0.001) and in MVPA in boys (76.5 min/week vs. 38.7 min/week, P < 0.001). Time spent watching TV on weekdays was significantly more in both genders in 2006/07, compared to 1992/93 (P < 0.001).
In 2006/07, active boys and active girls spent more time in MVPA than active boys and girls in 1992/93 (P < 0.001). Significantly higher proportions of boys and girls engaged in vigorous activities in 2006/07, than 1992/93 (P < 0.001 and P = 0.027, respectively).\n\nConclusions: A significant increase PD173074 in vitro in physical and cardiorespiratory fitness in both genders and MVPA in boys was observed in children from Crete between 1992/93 and 2006/07. The increase in weekday TV-viewing, P005091 Ubiquitin inhibitor despite being parallel to an increase in leisure-time MVPA, could have an unfavorable effect on health and should be tackled in future interventions in this population. Dietary, anthropometric and biochemical indices should also be investigated to assess
their impact on the secular changes in physical fitness and activity observed in this sample of children. (C) 2011 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Remarkable examples of social cognition have been described across a diverse range of species, yet surprisingly little is known about the neurobiological underpinnings of these behaviors. Recent studies suggest that the molecular pathways and neural networks that mediate social behavior have been relatively conserved across vertebrate evolution, suggesting that shared mechanisms may drive adaptive behavioral responses to social stimuli. Here, we review recent advances in the neurobiology of flexible and context-dependent social behaviors across vertebrate taxa, focusing on female mate choice, pair-bonding, and aggressive behavior. Furthermore, we highlight the outstanding opportunities for uncovering the mechanisms mediating cooperative behavior, an exemplar of social cognition. We suggest a framework for investigating context-dependent neural organization and the evoked neural response to social stimuli.”
“We aimed to clarify whether the coronal alignment after medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is predictable using preoperative full-length valgus stress radiography.