We supposed that it may represent feedback-error system of which activity might be reflected
in FRN, deputed to monitor the unattended feedback furnished by an external system. Moreover, a P3b effect was also observed in great measure for false spatial feedback, more posteriorly (Pz) distributed. According to the context-updating hypothesis, the P3b may reflect the revision of the mental model of the context. BIS showed to be more sensitive to both veridical and false LDN-193189 mouse feedback that increased FRN, whereas higher-BAS and BAS-Reward measures revealed an increased proactive attitude to external feedback (higher P3b). Finally, low-level of action representation explained FRN amplitude more than high-level one. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.”
“The somatic sensation of the tongue is necessary for daily life, but it is difficult to know the underlying neural mechanisms. In particular, because of the vomiting reflex and several morphological problems, no neuroimaging studies have examined somatosensory processing click here by stimulating
the posterior part of the tongue, except for two magnetoencephalographic studies (Sakamoto et al., 2008a,b). This is the first study to clarify the human cortical processing for sensory perception by the posterior part of the tongue with a newly developed device and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Stimulation of the left and right postero-lateral parts of the tongue induced significant activity in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and Brodmann area 40 in the right hemisphere and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In contrast, antero-lateral stimulation produced activity only in the right SI. The activated region in SI was significantly larger following stimulation of the posterior
than anterior part. These results indicate that a clear difference exists in somatosensory processing between stimulation of the antero-lateral and postero-lateral parts of the tongue, and a right hemisphere is dominant for the stimulation learn more of both antero-lateral and postero-lateral areas. The activity in BA 40 and ACC may imply that the posterior of the tongue belongs to the visceral system. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: We evaluated the feasibility of performing robot assisted partial nephrectomy in patients with multiple renal masses and examined the results of our initial experiences.
Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 10 patients with multiple renal masses who underwent attempted robot assisted partial nephrectomy within the last 2 years. Demographic information, and intraoperative, perioperative and renal function outcome data on these patients were reviewed.
Results: A total of 24 tumors in 9 patients were removed with robot assistance. There was 1 open conversion with successful completion of partial nephrectomy.